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Related Concept Videos

Ankle Joint01:10

Ankle Joint

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The ankle is formed by the talocrural joint (crural = leg). It consists of the articulations between the talus bone of the foot and the distal ends of the tibia and fibula of the leg. The superior aspect of the talus bone is square-shaped and has three areas of articulation. The top of the talus articulates with the inferior tibia. This is the portion of the ankle joint that carries the body weight between the leg and foot. The sides of the talus are firmly held in position by the articulations...
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Bones of the Upper Limb: Radius01:09

Bones of the Upper Limb: Radius

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The radius is longer of the two bones that make up the human antebrachium or forearm. At the proximal end, the radius articulates with the capitulum of the humerus and the radial notch of the ulna to form the elbow joint. At the distal end, the radius articulates with the ulna via the ulnar notch, forming the distal radioulnar joint. Distally, the radius also attaches to the carpal wrist bones (scaphoid and lunate) to form the radiocarpal joint.
The radius has a nail-shaped head, and a...
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Bones of the Upper Limb: Ulna01:15

Bones of the Upper Limb: Ulna

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The ulna and radius are parallel bones of the antebrachium or the forearm. The ulna lies medially and consists of a bony tip called the olecranon process at its proximal end. This hook-like projection articulates with the olecranon fossa of the humerus and forms the "hinged" ulnohumeral part of the elbow joint. This joint facilitates forearm extension and flexion while preventing its hyperextension. Similarly, the coronoid process, another bony projection on the proximal/anterior side...
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Bones of the Lower Limb: Tibia and Fibula01:10

Bones of the Lower Limb: Tibia and Fibula

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The tibia is the main weight-bearing bone of the lower leg. It is larger than the fibula with which it is paired. The tibia is also the second longest bone in the body and is located right below the skin. The proximal end of the tibia forms the medial and the lateral condyle, which articulates with the condyles of the femur to form the knee joint. Between the articulating surfaces is the irregular elevated area known as the intercondylar eminence that serves as the inferior attachment point for...
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Knee Joint01:23

Knee Joint

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The knee joint is the most complicated joint in the body. It consists of three articulations– two tibiofemoral and one patellofemoral. As is characteristic of synovial joints, the knee joint has a thin articular capsule that partially surrounds this joint cavity. Additionally, several ligaments, muscles, and cartilaginous structures support the movement of the knee.
A total of seven ligaments support the knee joint. The patellar ligament, which is also attached to the quadriceps femoris...
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Bones of the Upper Limb: Humerus01:19

Bones of the Upper Limb: Humerus

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The upper limb consists of the arm, forearm, wrist, and hand bones. The humerus is the single bone of the upper arm region. Proximally, it has a large, spherical, smooth head that articulates with the glenoid cavity of the scapula to form the glenohumeral or shoulder joint. The margin of the head is the anatomical neck, a residual epiphyseal plate. Laterally it extends to form bony projections called the greater tubercle and the lesser tubercle. Next to the tubercles is the surgical neck, a...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 14, 2025

An Anatomical Study of Nerves at Risk During Minimally Invasive Hallux Valgus Surgery
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An Anatomical Study of Nerves at Risk During Minimally Invasive Hallux Valgus Surgery

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Juvenile Hallux Valgus.

Susan T Mahan1, Emily O Cidambi2

  • 1Department of Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA.

Foot and Ankle Clinics
|November 9, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Juvenile hallux valgus treatment requires conservative measures first. Surgery is best after skeletal maturity, with individualized planning to prevent recurrence.

Keywords:
Adolescent bunionAdolescent foot deformityFoot painHallux valgusJuvenile bunionJuvenile hallux valgus

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Area of Science:

  • Orthopedic surgery
  • Pediatric orthopedics

Background:

  • Juvenile hallux valgus presents unique treatment challenges.
  • Conservative management is the initial approach for pediatric bunions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To outline optimal treatment strategies for juvenile hallux valgus.
  • To emphasize the importance of patient assessment and surgical planning.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature on juvenile hallux valgus treatment.
  • Analysis of factors influencing treatment outcomes.
  • Emphasis on radiographic and systemic evaluation.

Main Results:

  • Conservative treatment should be exhausted before considering surgery.
  • Surgical intervention is generally recommended after skeletal maturity.
  • Individualized surgical planning is crucial for success.

Conclusions:

  • A comprehensive patient evaluation, including systemic factors, is essential.
  • Tailored surgical approaches minimize recurrence risk in juvenile hallux valgus.
  • Delayed surgical treatment until skeletal maturity optimizes outcomes.