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What you need to know about children's COVID-19: a systematic review

Majid Mohammed Mahmood1, Ilhama Jafarli2, Aras Fathi Al-Barazanchi3

  • 1Unit of Zoonotic Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Baghdad, Iraq, Baghdad, Iraq.

Zhongguo Dang Dai Er Ke Za Zhi = Chinese Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics
|November 10, 2021
PubMed

Insights

Children experience milder coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and are less susceptible due to immune response differences. Research explores pediatric COVID-19 clinical features, diagnosis, and viral shedding, though mechanisms remain unclear.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric infectious diseases
  • Immunology
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) presents differently in children compared to adults.
  • Understanding pediatric susceptibility and immune responses is crucial for public health.
  • Existing research highlights milder symptoms in pediatric COVID-19 cases.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review the clinical features of COVID-19 in children.
  • To investigate reasons for lower susceptibility and potentially enhanced immune response in pediatric populations.
  • To address clinical manifestations, diagnosis, treatment, and viral shedding duration in children with COVID-19.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic literature search across major databases (MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane).
  • Inclusion of relevant foreign literature and supplementary data from Google Scholar and professional societies.
  • Extraction of data on patient demographics, comorbidities, treatments, mortality, and morbidity.

Main Results:

  • Children exhibit lower susceptibility to COVID-19 compared to adults.
  • Clinical symptoms of COVID-19 are generally less severe in pediatric cases.
  • The precise immunological mechanisms underlying these differences are not yet fully elucidated.

Conclusions:

  • Children are less affected by COVID-19, presenting with milder symptoms.
  • While theories exist, the exact reasons for reduced pediatric susceptibility and severity require further investigation.
  • Further research is needed to fully understand the immune mechanisms in pediatric COVID-19.

Keywords:
AsymptomaticChildCoronavirus disease 2019Kawasaki disease

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