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Related Concept Videos

Immunodeficiency Diseases01:25

Immunodeficiency Diseases

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Immunodeficiency disorders are conditions in which the immune system's ability to fight infectious disease and cancer is compromised or entirely absent. The immune system comprises a complex network of cells, tissues, and organs that work together to protect the body from potentially harmful invaders. When this system is deficient or not functioning properly, it leaves the body susceptible to infections, diseases, or other complications.
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Tuberculosis, often called TB, is a contagious illness primarily caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It mainly affects the lung parenchyma but can also impact other body parts.
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Mode of...
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Secondary Lymphoid Organs01:15

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Secondary organs, including lymph nodes, the spleen, and mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT), work harmoniously to protect us from disease and infection.
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Primary Lymphoid Organs01:16

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Primary lymphoid organs are pivotal in the formation, development, and maturation of lymphocytes, the white blood cells that serve as the backbone of our immune system. This crucial function underscores their fundamental role in maintaining our overall health and immunity. The two primary lymphoid organs of prime importance are the red bone marrow and the thymus.
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Mechanisms of Retrovirus-induced Cancers01:51

Mechanisms of Retrovirus-induced Cancers

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Retroviruses are RNA viruses that have been shown to cause cancers in diverse species, including chickens, mice, cats, and monkeys. The RNA genomes of these viruses are first reverse-transcribed into single and then double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) copies. This dsDNA called proviral DNA then integrates into the host genome. Subsequently, the host cell transcribes the proviral DNA in concert with the chromosomal DNA. This leads to the production of viral RNA and proteins that assemble at the host...
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Rous Sarcoma Virus (RSV) and Cancer

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Rous Sarcoma virus or RSV was discovered by F. Peyton Rous in the year 1911 as a filterable transmissible agent that could cause tumors in chickens. He won a Nobel Prize for this discovery in 1966. His experiments clearly demonstrated that some cancers could be caused by infectious agents and led to the discovery of many more cancer-causing viruses in animals as well as humans.
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Prolonged SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Patients with Lymphoid Malignancies.

Christina Y Lee1,2, Monika K Shah2,3, David Hoyos4

  • 1Lymphoma Service, Division of Hematologic Malignancies, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.

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Persistent COVID-19 in lymphoma patients is linked to B-cell depletion and impaired T-cell immunity. Viral evolution within patients highlights the need for new therapies to clear the infection in this high-risk group.

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Oncology
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • Hematologic malignancies increase COVID-19 severity and mortality.
  • Drivers of persistent SARS-CoV-2 infection in these patients remain unclear.
  • B-cell lymphomas present a high risk for prolonged SARS-CoV-2 positivity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Identify risk factors for acute COVID-19 severity versus chronicity in lymphoma patients.
  • Investigate the immunologic drivers of persistent SARS-CoV-2 infection.
  • Analyze intrahost viral evolution in persistent infections.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of a large cohort of COVID-19 patients with lymphoid malignancies.
  • Comparison of risk factors for acute mortality and rehospitalization.
  • Assessment of viral entropy and T-cell immunity (CD8+) in persistent infections.

Main Results:

  • Active therapy and low T-cell counts correlated with acute mortality.
  • B-cell-depleting therapy was a primary driver of COVID-19 rehospitalization.
  • Persistent infections showed high viral entropy, especially with impaired CD8+ T-cell immunity.

Conclusions:

  • B-cell depletion is a key driver of persistent symptomatic COVID-19 in lymphoid malignancy patients.
  • Impaired adaptive immunity, particularly CD8+ T-cell function, contributes to ongoing infection.
  • Novel therapeutic strategies are needed for viral clearance in this vulnerable population.