PAID-PL-The Polish Version of the Problem Areas in Diabetes Scale: Perfect Reliability and a One-Factor Structure

Area of Science:

• Psychiatry
• Endocrinology
• Psychometrics

Background:

• Psychological distress is common in type 2 diabetes.
• Existing translations of the Problem Areas in Diabetes (PAID) scale show variable psychometric properties.
• A validated Polish version of the PAID scale is needed for accurate assessment.

Purpose of the Study:

• To assess the structure of the Polish version of the PAID scale.
• To validate the Polish PAID scale for use in type 2 diabetes outpatients.
• To ensure reliable measurement of psychological issues in Polish diabetic patients.

Main Methods:

• Cross-sectional study of 216 Polish outpatients with type 2 diabetes.
• Utilized the Polish versions of PAID, WHO-5 Well-Being Index, and PHQ-9.
• Psychiatric diagnoses confirmed using the Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview (M.I.N.I.).

Main Results:

• Exploratory factor analysis confirmed a 1-factor structure for the 20-item PAID scale.
• High internal consistency (Cronbach α = 0.97) and reliability were observed.
• Significant correlations found between PAID, PHQ-9, WHO-5, age, and HbA1c levels; depressed patients had higher PAID scores.

Conclusions:

• The Polish version of the PAID scale is a reliable and valid measure for type 2 diabetes outpatients.
• The scale demonstrates a robust one-factor structure.
• It serves as a useful screening instrument for psychological issues in diabetes clinics.