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Related Concept Videos

Pathophysiology of Diabetes01:20

Pathophysiology of Diabetes

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Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia. The four categories of diabetes are type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes, other specific types of diabetes, and gestational diabetes.
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Diabetes Mellitus: Type 2 and Gestational01:22

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Type 2 diabetes, characterized by insulin resistance, arises when the insulin receptors on cells lose responsiveness to insulin, diminishing the cell's capacity to take up glucose, resulting in elevated blood glucose levels. To receive a diagnosis of Type 2 diabetes, a series of blood glucose tests are necessary to assess whether the blood glucose falls within normal parameters. If the result is out of the normal range, a patient may be diagnosed as prediabetic or diabetic, depending on the...
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Anatomy of the Intestines01:23

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Although digestion of proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids may begin in the stomach, it is completed in the intestine. The absorption of nutrients, water, and electrolytes from food and drink also occurs in the intestine. The intestines can be divided into two structurally distinct organs—the small and large intestines.
Small Intestines
The small intestine is an ~7 meter-long tube with an inner diameter of just 2.5 cm. Since most nutrients are absorbed here, the inner lining of the...
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Diabetes: Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Complications01:15

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For most patients, experiencing several weeks of polyuria, polydipsia, fatigue, and significant weight loss may indicate the presence of diabetes. Furthermore, adults displaying the phenotypic appearance of type 2 diabetes (particularly those who are obese and not initially insulin-requiring), may have islet cell autoantibodies, suggesting autoimmune-mediated β cell destruction and a diagnosis of latent autoimmune diabetes of adults (LADA). The categorization of glucose homeostasis is...
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Carbohydrate Metabolism01:36

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Carbohydrates are polymers composed of molecules containing atoms of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. One gram of carbohydrate can provide four kilo-calories of energy, which makes it the most efficient instant energy source.
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Diabetes Mellitus: Overview and Type I Subtype01:22

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Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by high blood glucose levels due to inadequate insulin production, insulin resistance, or both. The condition affects millions worldwide and can significantly impact their health and quality of life.
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Updated: Oct 14, 2025

Microbiota Analysis Using Two-step PCR and Next-generation 16S rRNA Gene Sequencing
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Microbiota Analysis Using Two-step PCR and Next-generation 16S rRNA Gene Sequencing

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Diabetes and gut microbiota.

Yue Xi1, Peng-Fei Xu1

  • 1Center for Pharmacogenetics and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA.

World Journal of Diabetes
|November 10, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Diabetes prevalence is rising globally, affecting 463 million people. Targeting the gut microbiome with probiotics, medication, or diet offers a novel therapeutic strategy for managing diabetes.

Keywords:
Anti-diabetic medicationDiabetesDietEpidemiologyGut microbiotaProbiotics

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Area of Science:

  • Epidemiology
  • Microbiology
  • Metabolic Diseases

Background:

  • Global diabetes prevalence has surged, reaching 463 million cases and tripling in two decades.
  • The gut microbiota significantly influences metabolic health and the development of diabetes.
  • Understanding the diabetes-gut microbiota axis is crucial for developing effective treatments.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present the global epidemiology of diabetes in 2019.
  • To forecast diabetes trends in China, India, and the USA up to 2045.
  • To review the interplay between diabetes and gut microbiota concerning probiotics, medications, and diet.

Main Methods:

  • Epidemiological data analysis for 2019 diabetes prevalence.
  • Trend forecasting for diabetes incidence and prevalence.
  • Literature review on the role of gut microbiota in diabetes management.

Main Results:

  • Diabetes affects 463 million individuals globally, with significant increases observed.
  • Probiotics, antidiabetic drugs, and dietary changes modulate the gut microbiome composition.
  • These interventions promote beneficial bacteria and reduce harmful bacteria, impacting glycemic control.

Conclusions:

  • Targeting the gut microbiota represents a promising therapeutic avenue for diabetes.
  • Modulating gut bacteria through various interventions can improve diabetes management.
  • Future research should focus on personalized microbiome-based therapies for diabetes.