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Related Concept Videos

Psychosurgery01:30

Psychosurgery

129
Psychosurgery, the surgical alteration or permanent removal of brain tissue to alleviate severe psychological conditions, stands as one of the most radical and controversial treatments in the history of mental health care. Its development and application have evolved significantly, marked by dramatic shifts in scientific understanding and ethical perspectives.
Historical Development of Psychosurgery
In the 1930s, Portuguese neurologist Antonio Egas Moniz introduced a surgical procedure designed...
129

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 14, 2025

A Spine Robotic-Assisted Navigation System for Pedicle Screw Placement
06:24

A Spine Robotic-Assisted Navigation System for Pedicle Screw Placement

Published on: May 11, 2020

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Perspective on robotic spine surgery: Who's doing the thinking?

Nancy E Epstein1

  • 1Clinical Professor of Neurological Surgery, School of Medicine, State U. of NY at Stony Brook, NY and ℅ Dr. Marc Agulnick, 1122 Franklin Avenue Suite 106, Garden City, NY 11530, USA.

Surgical Neurology International
|November 10, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Robotic assisted spine surgery offers potential benefits for thoracolumbar pedicle screw placement but also has drawbacks. Crucially, the necessity of these instrumented fusions requires further investigation.

Keywords:
ComplicationsFree hand: Pedicle screw placementMorbidityRobotic spine surgery: NeuronavigationalSkivingUnnecessary fusionsUnwarranted surgery

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Area of Science:

  • Spine Surgery
  • Robotics in Medicine
  • Orthopedic Surgery

Background:

  • Robotic assisted (RA) spine surgery aims to decrease complications from misplaced thoracolumbar (TL) pedicle screws (PS).
  • RA techniques are increasingly adopted for optimizing TL PS placement compared to free hand (FH) or stereotactic navigation alone.
  • Limited focus exists on the necessity of performing these RA instrumented fusions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the safety, efficacy, and accuracy of RA versus open FH pedicle screw placement in minimally invasive TL surgery.
  • To compare the benefits and drawbacks of RA spine surgery for TL pedicle screw fixation.

Main Methods:

  • Comparative analysis of robotic assisted (RA) versus free hand (FH) techniques for thoracolumbar (TL) pedicle screw (PS) placement.
  • Evaluation of safety, efficacy, accuracy, and complication rates associated with both RA and FH methods.

Main Results:

  • RA offers theoretical benefits like enhanced accuracy, fewer complications, reduced radiation, smaller incisions, and shorter recovery.
  • Cons of RA include increased costs, learning curve morbidity, robotic failures, soft tissue injury, and potential accuracy loss.
  • A significant concern is the insufficient attention paid to the necessity of performing many TL RA instrumented fusions.

Conclusions:

  • RA spine surgery is nascent, with RA and FH techniques for TL PS placement showing both pros and cons.
  • Further research and clinical consideration are needed to determine the appropriateness and necessity of many TL PS instrumented procedures.