Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Sign Convention01:30

Sign Convention

2.7K
When analyzing a beam subjected to various loads, it is crucial to understand the internal forces and moments generated within the structure. These internal forces can be broadly classified into normal forces, shear forces, and bending moments. To determine these forces and moments, we use the method of sections and apply a specific sign convention based on their direction and the side of the section being analyzed.
The normal force acts perpendicular to the beam's cross-section and can...
2.7K
Introduction to the Sign Test01:10

Introduction to the Sign Test

1.1K
The sign test is an important tool in nonparametric statistics, offering a straightforward yet effective method for analyzing matched pairs, nominal data, or hypotheses concerning the median of a population. It transforms data points into positive or negative signs, avoiding the need for assumptions about data distribution and instead focusing on the direction of change. It is particularly valuable when data does not conform to the normal distribution requirements of many parametric tests. For...
1.1K
Activation of Integrins01:15

Activation of Integrins

3.7K
Integrins bind ligands and transmit information from outside the cell to inside or vice-versa through an "outside-in signaling" or "inside-out signaling."
In "outside-in signaling," external factors in the extracellular space bind to exposed ligand binding sites on integrins. This causes the inactive protein to undergo a conformational change to become active. Integrins are often clustered on the cell membrane. Repetitive and regularly spaced ligand binding...
3.7K
Autocrine Signaling01:01

Autocrine Signaling

49.3K
Autocrine signaling is one of the many signaling mechanisms that function inside multicellular organisms to carry out intercellular communication. In this type of signaling mechanism, the same cell that secretes an extracellular signaling molecule also expresses the receptors to bind and respond to that signaling molecule.
Autocrine Signaling in Macrophages
Under normal physiological conditions, autocrine signaling is essential for maintaining homeostasis. This process is well characterized in...
49.3K
Sign Test for Nominal Data01:12

Sign Test for Nominal Data

173
The sign test is a nonparametric method used to evaluate hypotheses about the median of a single sample or to compare the medians of two related samples. The sign test is particularly useful when dealing with nominal data, which includes distinct categories without an inherent order, such as names, labels, and preferences. Nominal data restricts statistical analysis to evaluating population proportions rather than mean or median values that require continuous data.
For example, consider a...
173
Sign Test for Median of Single Population01:20

Sign Test for Median of Single Population

198
In general, the sign test serves as a nonparametric method to test hypotheses about the median of a single population when the data does not follow a known distribution. This simplicity makes it particularly useful for small sample sizes or when the assumptions of parametric tests cannot be met. The process begins with identifying a null hypothesis, typically stating that the population median equals a specific value. The alternative hypothesis could be that the median is either not equal to,...
198

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Academic Philanthropy to Improve the Impact Factor of Journals Published from Developing Countries.

The Indian journal of radiology & imaging·2026
Same author

Management Challenges of Internal Carotid Artery Pseudoaneurysm in Skull Base Osteomyelitis.

Journal of neurological surgery. Part B, Skull base·2026
Same author

Fibroadipose Vascular Anomaly: A Distinct Vascular Malformation.

EJVES vascular forum·2026
Same author

Praying for International Friendship and Peace.

The Indian journal of radiology & imaging·2026
Same author

Putting Sharps Where They Belong: In a Box.

Cardiovascular and interventional radiology·2026
Same author

Management of Severe Cerebral Venous Sinus Thrombosis Using Mechanical Balloon Assisted Thrombectomy.

Stroke (Hoboken, N.J.)·2026
Same journal

Beyond the uterus: Metastatic leiomyoma.

Journal of clinical imaging science·2026
Same journal

Dynamic contrast-enhanced computed tomography for small bowel bleeding: Two cases of arteriovenous malformation and gastrointestinal stromal tumor.

Journal of clinical imaging science·2026
Same journal

Diffuse subependymoma of the bilateral lateral ventricles.

Journal of clinical imaging science·2026
Same journal

Glenohumeral septic arthritis in intravenous drug users: 10-year retrospective analysis.

Journal of clinical imaging science·2026
Same journal

<i>Mycobacterium genavense</i> infection of the adrenal gland - A case report.

Journal of clinical imaging science·2026
Same journal

Post-ovarian cystectomy imaging appearances for borderline ovarian tumors: Pearls and pitfalls.

Journal of clinical imaging science·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 14, 2025

Evaluation of an Exclusive Spur Dike U-Turn Design with Radar-Collected Data and Simulation
11:41

Evaluation of an Exclusive Spur Dike U-Turn Design with Radar-Collected Data and Simulation

Published on: February 1, 2020

20.6K

The "Inside-outside" Sign.

Shoban Haridass1, Shyamkumar N Keshava1

  • 1Department of Interventional Radiology, Division of Clinical Radiology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India.

Journal of Clinical Imaging Science
|November 10, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Radiologists may encounter an "inside-outside sign" optical illusion during medical procedures. This sign can make a catheter appear outside the body lumen when it is actually inside, requiring careful interpretation.

Keywords:
Illusions in radiologyInterventional radiologyPercutaneous transhepatic biliary drainagePortogramTransjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt

More Related Videos

Author Spotlight: Manipulating Signaling in Zebrafish Embryos to Decode Cell Fate Decisions
07:18

Author Spotlight: Manipulating Signaling in Zebrafish Embryos to Decode Cell Fate Decisions

Published on: October 27, 2023

2.8K
Mimicking the Function of Signaling Proteins: Toward Artificial Signal Transduction Therapy
12:24

Mimicking the Function of Signaling Proteins: Toward Artificial Signal Transduction Therapy

Published on: September 29, 2016

7.2K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Oct 14, 2025

Evaluation of an Exclusive Spur Dike U-Turn Design with Radar-Collected Data and Simulation
11:41

Evaluation of an Exclusive Spur Dike U-Turn Design with Radar-Collected Data and Simulation

Published on: February 1, 2020

20.6K
Author Spotlight: Manipulating Signaling in Zebrafish Embryos to Decode Cell Fate Decisions
07:18

Author Spotlight: Manipulating Signaling in Zebrafish Embryos to Decode Cell Fate Decisions

Published on: October 27, 2023

2.8K
Mimicking the Function of Signaling Proteins: Toward Artificial Signal Transduction Therapy
12:24

Mimicking the Function of Signaling Proteins: Toward Artificial Signal Transduction Therapy

Published on: September 29, 2016

7.2K

Area of Science:

  • Radiology
  • Medical Imaging
  • Interventional Procedures

Background:

  • Cannulation of tubular structures is a common interventional radiology procedure.
  • Optical illusions can complicate the interpretation of imaging findings during procedures.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To describe the "inside-outside sign," a rare radiological phenomenon.
  • To raise awareness of this sign among medical professionals to prevent misinterpretation.

Main Methods:

  • Observation of the "inside-outside sign" during catheterization procedures.
  • Description of the visual characteristics of the sign.

Main Results:

  • The "inside-outside sign" is an optical illusion where a catheter/guidewire appears outside the lumen but is actually inside.
  • This phenomenon occurs during the cannulation of expandable, contrast-filled tubular structures.

Conclusions:

  • Recognition of the "inside-outside sign" is crucial for accurate procedural guidance.
  • Understanding this optical illusion helps prevent diagnostic errors and ensures patient safety.