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Replicative cell senescence is a property of cells that allows them to divide a finite number of times throughout the organism's lifespan while preventing excessive proliferation. Replicative senescence is associated with the gradual loss of the telomere — short, repetitive DNA sequences found at the end of the chromosomes. Telomeres are bound by a group of proteins to form a protective cap on the ends of chromosomes. Embryonic stem cells express telomerase — an enzyme that adds...
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The biological clock is involved in many aspects of regulating complex physiology in all animals. It was in 1935 when German zoologists, Hans Kalmus and Erwin Bünning, discovered the existence of circadian rhythm in Drosophila melanogaster. However, the internal molecular mechanisms behind the circadian clock remained a mystery until 1984, when Jeffrey C. Hall, Michael Rosbash, and Michael W. Young discovered the expression of the Per gene oscillating over a 24-hour cycle. In subsequent...
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Techniques to Induce and Quantify Cellular Senescence
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The right time for senescence.

Diogo Paramos-de-Carvalho1,2, Antonio Jacinto2, Leonor Saúde3

  • 1Instituto de Medicina Molecular - João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.

Elife
|November 10, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Cellular senescence, a stress response, plays complex roles in aging, tissue repair, and disease. Targeting senescent cells shows promise for future clinical applications in regenerative medicine.

Keywords:
cell biologypathophysiologysenescencesenotherapiestimetissue remodelling

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Area of Science:

  • Cellular and Molecular Biology
  • Gerontology
  • Regenerative Medicine

Background:

  • Cellular senescence, initially an artifact, is now recognized as a complex defense mechanism against stress.
  • Senescence is implicated in diverse biological processes including tissue remodeling, injury response, and cancer development.
  • Advancements in in vivo research tools have illuminated the multifaceted roles of senescent cells.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the functional impact of senescent cells across various organismal contexts.
  • To provide updated insights into the role of senescent cells in tissue repair and regeneration.
  • To overview the current clinical research targeting senescent cells and their potential implications.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of functional impacts of senescent cells in different organismal contexts.
  • Analysis of senescent cell modulation of fibrosis and inflammation in tissue repair and regeneration.
  • Overview of current clinical research and therapeutic strategies targeting senescent cells.

Main Results:

  • Senescent cells exhibit diverse and sometimes conflicting roles in physiological and pathological conditions.
  • Senescent cells critically modulate inflammation and fibrosis during tissue repair and regeneration, with 'time' as a key factor.
  • Emerging clinical research focuses on targeting senescent cells for therapeutic interventions.

Conclusions:

  • Senescent cells are integral to organismal health and disease, with context-dependent functions.
  • Understanding the temporal dynamics of senescence is crucial for harnessing its regenerative potential.
  • Targeting senescent cells represents a promising, rapidly evolving frontier in clinical research and therapeutic development.