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Programmable and contractile materials through cell encapsulation in fibrous hydrogel assemblies.

Matthew D Davidson1,2, Margaret E Prendergast1, Ehsan Ban2,3

  • 1Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.

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Researchers developed photocrosslinked fibrous hydrogels that mimic natural extracellular matrix (ECM) properties. These materials enable controlled cell-driven tissue shaping and fabrication for tissue engineering applications.

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Tissue Engineering
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Natural extracellular matrix (ECM) is crucial for tissue development and function.
  • Synthetic materials are needed to replicate ECM self-assembly for biofabrication.
  • Existing materials lack the dynamic, responsive properties of natural ECM.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop synthetic fibrous hydrogel assemblies that mimic natural ECM.
  • To create materials with tunable, strain-responsive properties.
  • To enable cell-guided tissue fabrication and in vitro modeling.

Main Methods:

  • Photocrosslinked fibrous hydrogel assemblies with varying fiber densities.
  • Characterization of strain-responsive properties (stiffening, alignment).
  • Encapsulation of mesenchymal stromal cells to induce contraction and remodeling.

Main Results:

  • Hydrogel assemblies exhibited density-dependent strain stiffening and alignment.
  • Encapsulated cells induced macroscopic volumetric changes and increased material moduli.
  • Materials demonstrated shear-thinning, self-healing, and processability via bioprinting and photopatterning.

Conclusions:

  • Developed synthetic fibrous hydrogels mimic natural ECM self-assembly and cell-mediated remodeling.
  • These materials enable programmed shape changes and controlled ECM deposition.
  • The approach offers a versatile platform for biofabrication and tissue engineering.