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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 13, 2025

4-Dimensional Imaging of Zebrafish Optic Cup Morphogenesis

4-Dimensional Imaging of Zebrafish Optic Cup Morphogenesis

Published on: May 26, 2021

Phase transition specified by a binary code patterns the vertebrate eye cup.

Revathi Balasubramanian¹, Xuanyu Min¹, Peter M J Quinn¹

¹Department of Ophthalmology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.

Science Advances

|November 10, 2021

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Fibroblast growth factor (FGF) and Wnt signaling pathways control vertebrate eye development. These signals regulate cell fate transitions in the developing eye cup, determining neural retina, retinal pigmented epithelium, and ciliary margin formation.

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Area of Science:

Developmental biology
Molecular signaling pathways

Background:

The vertebrate eye cup comprises the neural retina (NR), retinal pigmented epithelium (RPE), and ciliary margin (CM).
Understanding the molecular mechanisms governing cell fate determination within the developing eye is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the roles of fibroblast growth factor (FGF) and Wnt signaling in regulating cell fate decisions within the developing vertebrate eye cup.
To elucidate how FGF and Wnt signaling interactions influence the self-renewal, differentiation, and survival of ciliary margin stem cells.

Main Methods:

Single-cell analysis to examine gene expression and signaling dynamics.
In vivo studies and human retinal organoid models to assess signaling pathway interactions.

Main Results:

FGF signaling regulates ciliary margin (CM) stem cell properties, balanced by a Wnt signaling gradient.
FGF signaling stabilizes β-catenin independently of GSK3β, thereby promoting Wnt signaling in the CM.
Combinatorial FGF and Wnt signaling drives CM formation, while their interplay dictates NR and RPE differentiation from precursor cells.

Conclusions:

Vertebrate eye development is governed by a phase transition mechanism controlled by a combinatorial code of FGF and Wnt signaling.
This signaling network precisely regulates cell fate determination, ensuring the proper formation of ocular tissues.