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Related Concept Videos

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Nine muscles are involved in arm movements. Two of these, the pectoralis major and latissimus dorsi, originate from the axial skeleton and are called axial muscles. The other seven originate from the scapula and are called the scapular muscles.
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The upper limb consists of the arm, forearm, wrist, and hand bones. The humerus is the single bone of the upper arm region. Proximally, it has a large, spherical, smooth head that articulates with the glenoid cavity of the scapula to form the glenohumeral or shoulder joint. The margin of the head is the anatomical neck, a residual epiphyseal plate. Laterally it extends to form bony projections called the greater tubercle and the lesser tubercle. Next to the tubercles is the surgical neck, a...
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The muscles surrounding the shoulder girdle, including the clavicle and scapula, primarily stabilize the scapula. This stable base allows other muscles to move the humerus effectively. Scapular movements often mirror those of the humerus and extend its range of motion. For instance, raising the arm above the head would not be feasible without simultaneous upward rotation of the scapula.
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Ultrasonography is an imaging technique that uses high-frequency sound waves to visualize the body's internal structures. It is a non-invasive and safe procedure that does not involve the use of ionizing radiation, making it widely used in various medical fields. Ultrasonography is used to study heart function, blood flow in the neck or extremities, certain conditions such as gallbladder disease, and fetal growth and development.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 13, 2025

The Modified Single-working Portal Technique Using Lasso-loop Stitch with Needle for Arthroscopic Subscapularis Repair
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The Subacromial Bursa: Current Concepts Review.

Nathan S Lanham1, Hasani W Swindell, William N Levine

  • 1Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY.

JBJS Reviews
|November 10, 2021
PubMed
Summary

The subacromial bursa is vital for shoulder pain relief and rotator cuff healing. Preserving this structure is key for effective treatment of shoulder conditions.

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Area of Science:

  • Orthopedic Surgery
  • Anatomy
  • Histology

Background:

  • The subacromial bursa is a distinct anatomical structure with unique histologic features.
  • It significantly influences painful shoulder symptoms and the rotator cuff tendon's healing capacity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the critical role of the subacromial bursa in shoulder pathology.
  • To emphasize the importance of preserving the subacromial bursa during treatment.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on subacromial bursa anatomy, histology, and function.
  • Analysis of treatment outcomes for subacromial bursitis and rotator cuff injuries.

Main Results:

  • The subacromial bursa possesses intrinsic trophic and pluripotent factors crucial for rotator cuff tendon healing.
  • Nonoperative interventions are the primary treatment for subacromial bursitis, with surgery reserved for specific cases.

Conclusions:

  • Preservation of the subacromial bursa is recommended whenever feasible due to its beneficial factors in rotator cuff pathology.
  • Understanding the bursa's role is essential for optimizing treatment strategies for painful shoulders.