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Microbial influences on gut development and gut-brain communication.

Lihua Ye1, John F Rawls1

  • 1Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke Microbiome Center, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA.

Development (Cambridge, England)
|November 10, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Animal development programs sense and adapt to microbes, especially in the gut. This review explores how gut microbiota influences digestive tract development and its nervous system communication, impacting health.

Keywords:
Enteroendocrine cellGastroenterologyGut-brain axisInteroceptionMicrobiomeStem cell

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Area of Science:

  • Developmental biology
  • Microbiology
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • Animal development is intertwined with microbial interactions.
  • The digestive tract hosts dense microbial communities, crucial for host biology.
  • Understanding host-microbe interactions is key to developmental processes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review how microbiota impacts gut development.
  • To explore the gut-microbiota-nervous system axis during development.
  • To highlight health implications of these developmental interactions.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing studies in humans, mice, zebrafish, and Drosophila.
  • Analysis of research on microbiota's role in gut morphogenesis.
  • Examination of studies on neuro-enteric communication influenced by microbes.

Main Results:

  • Microbiota significantly influences the development of the digestive tract.
  • Gut microbes shape the communication between the gut and the nervous system.
  • These developmental interactions have profound implications for host health.

Conclusions:

  • Developmental programs inherently integrate microbial sensing and adaptation.
  • The gut microbiota plays a critical role in shaping the developing gut and its neural connections.
  • Further research into these interactions is vital for advancing human and animal health.