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Oral mucositis: Current knowledge and future directions.

Sameep S Shetty1, Meghana Maruthi2, Vasantha Dhara3

  • 1Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, A Constituent of MAHE, Manipal 576104, India.

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Head and neck chemoradiation can cause severe oral mucositis, characterized by ulcers and pain. Future management will focus on prehabilitation and therapy monitoring to improve patient outcomes.

Keywords:
ChemotherapyDifferential diagnosisHead and neck cancer radiationManagementOral mucositisOral oncologySalivary glands

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Oral Medicine
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Oral mucositis (OM) is a debilitating side effect of head and neck chemoradiation.
  • Its pathogenesis involves epithelial/microvascular injury, inflammation, and microbiome alterations.
  • OM leads to malnutrition, pain, reduced quality of life, and opportunistic infections.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the clinical features of OM.
  • To elucidate the molecular pathogenesis of OM.
  • To outline predisposing factors and current management strategies for OM.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of clinical characteristics.
  • Analysis of molecular pathways involved in OM pathogenesis.
  • Overview of predisposing factors and therapeutic interventions.

Main Results:

  • OM involves complex molecular events including oxidative stress and reactive oxygen species.
  • Consequences include malnutrition, psychological distress, and increased infection risk.
  • Opportunistic infections can compromise cancer treatment and prognosis.

Conclusions:

  • OM presents significant challenges in head and neck cancer care.
  • Future OM management will likely emphasize evidence-based prehabilitation.
  • Pre- and per-chemoradiation therapy monitoring is crucial for improved patient outcomes.