Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Radiological Investigation I: X-ray and CT01:30

Radiological Investigation I: X-ray and CT

487
Radiological investigations, including X-rays and computed tomography (CT) scans, are critical for diagnosing and evaluating various medical conditions. These imaging techniques provide valuable insights into the body's internal structures, aiding in the detection of abnormalities, assessment of disease progression, and development of treatment strategies. This article delves into two primary radiological investigations, chest X-rays and CT scans, outlining their purpose, procedures, and...
487
Imaging Studies for Cardiovascular System III: X-Ray01:20

Imaging Studies for Cardiovascular System III: X-Ray

318
The most common cardiovascular diagnostic test is an X-ray. It produces images of the heart, blood vessels, and adjacent structures.
Definition and Purpose
An X-ray, or radiograph, is a non-invasive method that uses ionizing radiation to take images of internal structures. It is mainly used in cardiac imaging to examine the heart, lungs, and major blood vessels, aiming to identify abnormalities in the heart's size, shape, and position, such as heart failure, congenital defects, and vascular...
318
X-ray Imaging01:24

X-ray Imaging

8.5K
German physicist Wilhelm Röntgen (1845–1923) was experimenting with electrical current when he discovered that a mysterious and invisible "ray" would pass through his flesh but leave an outline of his bones on a screen coated with a metal compound. In 1895, Röntgen made the first durable record of the internal parts of a living human: an "X-ray" image (as it came to be called) of his wife’s hand. Scientists worldwide quickly began their own experiments with...
8.5K
Radiological Investigation III: Pulmonary Angiogram and PET Scan01:13

Radiological Investigation III: Pulmonary Angiogram and PET Scan

190
Radiological investigations are paramount in the diagnosis and management of various pulmonary diseases. Two essential investigations are the Pulmonary Angiogram and the Positron Emission Tomography (PET) Scan.
Pulmonary Angiogram
A Pulmonary Angiogram is an invasive procedure involving injecting a contrast medium through a catheter threaded into the pulmonary artery or the right side of the heart to visualize the pulmonary vasculature. Computed Tomography (CT) scans have mainly replaced this...
190
Radiological Investigation II: MRI and Ventilation Perfusion Scan01:30

Radiological Investigation II: MRI and Ventilation Perfusion Scan

254
Description
Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) and Ventilation Perfusion Scans are two radiological investigations that offer detailed diagnostic images of the body, particularly lung structures.
MRI
MRI uses magnetic fields and radiofrequency signals to distinguish between normal and abnormal tissues. This technology provides a more detailed diagnostic image than CT scans, enabling it to characterize pulmonary nodules, stage bronchogenic carcinoma, and evaluate inflammatory activity in...
254
Pulmonary Embolism II: Diagnostic Studies and Interprofessional Care01:29

Pulmonary Embolism II: Diagnostic Studies and Interprofessional Care

70
Diagnosing Pulmonary EmbolismDiagnosing pulmonary embolism (PE) involves clinical assessment and advanced imaging tests. The preferred diagnostic tool is the spiral (helical) CT scan or CT angiography (CTA), which uses intravenous contrast media to visualize the pulmonary vasculature and identify emboli.A ventilation-perfusion (V/Q) scan is an alternative for patients unable to receive contrast media. This scan includes both perfusion and ventilation scanning. Perfusion scanning involves...
70

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Dosimetry, Toxicity, and Outcomes of Medically Inoperable Endometrial Cancer Treated With Definitive External Beam Radiation Therapy and Brachytherapy.

Cureus·2025
Same author

HSR24-123: High Dose Rate Interstitial Brachytherapy for Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Vagina: Methods and Outcomes at a Single Institution.

Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network : JNCCN·2025
Same author

Chemoradiation to the submental muscles alters hyoid movement during swallowing in a rat model.

Journal of applied physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985)·2024
Same author

Simple and low cost alternative method for detecting photoneutrons produced in some radiotherapy treatments using SSNTDs.

Applied radiation and isotopes : including data, instrumentation and methods for use in agriculture, industry and medicine·2020

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 13, 2025

Dosimetry for Cell Irradiation using Orthovoltage 40-300 kV X-Ray Facilities
06:51

Dosimetry for Cell Irradiation using Orthovoltage 40-300 kV X-Ray Facilities

Published on: February 20, 2021

5.2K

Diagnostic Reference Levels for Common X-ray Procedures in Peru.

Andres Portocarrero Bonifaz1,2, Caterina S Camarena Rodriguez3, Ricardo Palma Esparza3

  • 1Radiation Oncology, University of Louisville, Louisville, USA.

Cureus
|November 11, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Diagnostic reference levels (DRLs) were established for X-ray procedures in Peru. This study analyzed radiological parameters and machine distribution to set these DRLs, reflecting current practices.

Keywords:
diagnostic reference levelsdosedrlgeneral x-raysintraoral x-raysperuquality control

More Related Videos

X-ray Dose Reduction through Adaptive Exposure in Fluoroscopic Imaging
08:30

X-ray Dose Reduction through Adaptive Exposure in Fluoroscopic Imaging

Published on: September 11, 2011

14.6K
Safety Precautions and Operating Procedures in an ABSL-4 Laboratory: 4. Medical Imaging Procedures
09:36

Safety Precautions and Operating Procedures in an ABSL-4 Laboratory: 4. Medical Imaging Procedures

Published on: October 3, 2016

11.2K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Oct 13, 2025

Dosimetry for Cell Irradiation using Orthovoltage 40-300 kV X-Ray Facilities
06:51

Dosimetry for Cell Irradiation using Orthovoltage 40-300 kV X-Ray Facilities

Published on: February 20, 2021

5.2K
X-ray Dose Reduction through Adaptive Exposure in Fluoroscopic Imaging
08:30

X-ray Dose Reduction through Adaptive Exposure in Fluoroscopic Imaging

Published on: September 11, 2011

14.6K
Safety Precautions and Operating Procedures in an ABSL-4 Laboratory: 4. Medical Imaging Procedures
09:36

Safety Precautions and Operating Procedures in an ABSL-4 Laboratory: 4. Medical Imaging Procedures

Published on: October 3, 2016

11.2K

Area of Science:

  • Medical Physics
  • Radiological Protection
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Diagnostic reference levels (DRLs) are crucial for optimizing radiation doses in medical imaging.
  • Peru currently lacks specific DRL research, relying on international literature for guidelines.
  • Understanding radiological practice variations is essential for establishing national DRLs.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze radiological technique parameters (kV, mAs, machine type) in Peru.
  • To map the geographical distribution of X-ray machines across Peru.
  • To establish national Diagnostic Reference Levels (DRLs) for key X-ray procedures.

Main Methods:

  • Collected data on X-ray parameters (kV, mAs) and machine types (conventional, digital) from 2015-2017.
  • Measured air kerma using an Unfors RaySafe Xi detector and calculated entrance skin dose.
  • Focused on posterior-anterior chest, antero-posterior lumbar spine, and dental intraoral X-ray procedures.

Main Results:

  • Established DRLs: 0.21 mSv (conventional chest), 0.25 mSv (digital chest), 4.39 mSv (conventional lumbar), 6.01 mSv (digital lumbar), and 4.21 mSv (dental intraoral).
  • Identified a concentration of X-ray machines in Lima.
  • Results indicate the current standard of radiological practice in Peru.

Conclusions:

  • The study successfully established DRLs for common X-ray procedures in Peru.
  • Findings provide a baseline for radiation protection and dose optimization in Peruvian radiology.
  • Geographical distribution analysis highlights potential disparities in access to radiological services.