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The lower urinary system consists of the urinary bladder and urethra, which are essential in storing and expelling urine from the body. Together with the internal and external sphincters, these structures work together to regulate urination effectively.Anatomy of the BladderThe urinary bladder is a muscular, stretchable organ behind the pubic bone and in front of the rectum. In females, the bladder is positioned anterior to the vagina and inferior to the uterus, while in males, it is located...
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The urinary bladder is a hollow, muscular sac that temporarily stores urine before it is expelled from the body. It can hold approximately 600 mL of urine prior to micturition. The bladder is retroperitoneal and located behind the pubic symphysis in the pelvic floor.
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Urination, or micturition involves the coordination of the bladder's detrusor muscle and two sphincters to ensure controlled bladder emptying.
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The urinary system is responsible for eliminating waste and excess fluids from the body. However, disorders of the urinary system can arise due to various reasons like infections, stress, age, congenital abnormalities, and lifestyle.
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Ultrastructural changes in the underactive bladder.

Han-Chen Ho1, Yung-Hsiang Hsu2, Jia-Fong Jhang3

  • 1Department of Anatomy, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan.

Tzu Chi Medical Journal
|November 11, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Underactive bladder (UAB) involves detrusor underactivity (DU). This review examines ultrastructural changes linked to UAB, aiming to clarify its underlying pathophysiology and causes.

Keywords:
Detrusor underactivityElectron microscopyUltrastructureUnderactive bladder

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Area of Science:

  • Urology
  • Cell Biology
  • Pathophysiology

Background:

  • Underactive bladder (UAB) is a clinical condition characterized by symptoms suggestive of detrusor underactivity (DU).
  • While often implying primary detrusor muscle dysfunction, UAB can also result from advanced age, neurogenic influences, and bladder outlet obstruction.
  • The precise pathophysiology leading to UAB remains incompletely understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the ultrastructural morphological changes associated with Underactive Bladder (UAB).
  • To elucidate the pathophysiology of detrusor underactivity (DU) by reviewing existing electron microscopy data.
  • To synthesize current knowledge on the ultrastructural evidence concerning UAB.

Main Methods:

  • Literature search using keywords: electron microscopy, ultrastructure, UAB, and DU.
  • Review of existing studies focusing on ultrastructural findings in UAB and DU.
  • Synthesis of morphological data to identify patterns and potential mechanisms.

Main Results:

  • The review identified specific ultrastructural alterations in the detrusor muscle of patients with UAB/DU.
  • These changes may provide insights into the cellular mechanisms underlying impaired bladder contractility.
  • Further research is needed to correlate specific ultrastructural findings with clinical presentations and etiological factors.

Conclusions:

  • Ultrastructural analysis offers a valuable perspective for understanding the pathophysiology of UAB.
  • Identifying morphological changes can contribute to a more comprehensive understanding of detrusor underactivity.
  • This review highlights the importance of ultrastructural evidence in advancing UAB research.