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Near-death experiences (NDEs) are reported globally during life-threatening events. Scientific research is exploring potential biological causes for these profound experiences.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Psychology
  • Medical research

Background:

  • Near-death experiences (NDEs) are profound subjective events reported by individuals in life-threatening or perceived life-threatening situations.
  • These experiences are cross-cultural, appearing across different historical periods and civilizations.
  • Despite their often mystical descriptions, NDEs are amenable to scientific investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the epidemiology and phenomenology of near-death experiences.
  • To explore the biological mechanisms potentially underlying NDEs.
  • To provide a scientific perspective on a widely reported human experience.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of scientific studies on near-death experiences.
  • Analysis of epidemiological data and phenomenological reports.
  • Examination of proposed biological and evolutionary models.

Main Results:

  • NDEs occur in approximately 10% of cardiac arrest survivors and various critical situations.
  • Candidate biological mechanisms include N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor hypofunction, REM sleep intrusion, and migraine aura.
  • An evolutionary model suggests a survival benefit associated with NDEs.

Conclusions:

  • Near-death experiences have a scientific basis that can be investigated.
  • Understanding the biological mechanisms offers insights into consciousness and survival.
  • Further research is needed to fully elucidate the neurobiological underpinnings of NDEs.