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Systematic Hearing Performance Evaluation Process for Adolescents with Cochlear Implantation at Early Ages
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Verbal Working Memory Error Patterns and Speech-Language Outcomes in Youth With Cochlear Implants.

Daniel R Romano1, William G Kronenberger1,2, Shirley C Henning1

  • 1Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis.

Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research : JSLHR
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Summary

Verbal working memory delays in cochlear implant (CI) users stem partly from weak phonological memory representations. Improving these may enhance spoken language skills in deaf youth with CIs.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Speech and Hearing Sciences

Background:

  • Prelingually deaf youth using cochlear implants (CIs) often exhibit verbal working memory (VWM) delays.
  • The underlying neurocognitive mechanisms and their link to spoken language outcomes remain unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the hypothesis that VWM delays in CI users are linked to fragile phonological representations in short-term memory.
  • To analyze errors on the letter-number sequencing (LNS) task to understand VWM processing in CI users.

Main Methods:

  • Compared LNS task performance and error profiles between 51 CI users (ages 7-22) and 53 normal-hearing peers.
  • Utilized hierarchical regression to examine associations between VWM, speech, language, and hearing measures.

Main Results:

  • CI users showed lower LNS scores and significantly more phonological confusion errors than normal-hearing peers.
  • A higher rate of phonological errors correlated with poorer nonword repetition and spoken direction following, independent of hearing quality.

Conclusions:

  • Findings support the role of fragile phonological representations in VWM deficits among CI users, contributing to spoken language delays.
  • Interventions targeting phonological representation strengthening may benefit VWM and spoken language development in this population.