BarH1 regulates odorant-binding proteins expression and olfactory perception of Monochamus alternatus Hope

Insect odorant-binding proteins (OBPs) are a class of small soluble proteins that can be found in various tissues wherein binding and transport of small molecules are required. Thus, OBPs are not only involved in typical olfactory function by specific activities with odorants but also participate in other physiological processes in non-chemosensory tissues. To better understand the complex biological functions of OBPs, it is necessary to study the transcriptional regulation of their expression patterns. In this paper, an apparent gradient expression pattern of Obp19, that was highly and specifically expressed in antennae and played an essential role in the detection of camphene, was defined in the antennae of the Japanese pine sawyer. Further, the transcription factor BarH1, that also presented gradient expression pattern in antennae, was found to regulate expression of Obp19 directly through binding to its upstream DNA sequence. The condition of BarH1 gene silence, the gene expression levels of Obp19 significantly decreased. At the same time, additional olfactory genes also were regulated and thus influence camphene reception. These findings provide us an opportunity to incorporate Obps in the gene regulatory networks of insects, which contribute to a better understanding of the multiplicity and diversity of OBPs and the olfactory mediated behaviors.