Hallux varus: A literature review

Area of Science:

• Orthopedics
• Foot and Ankle Surgery
• Medical Anatomy

Background:

• Hallux varus is an uncommon foot deformity with diverse etiologies including iatrogenic, traumatic, and congenital causes.
• Acquired hallux varus, particularly the iatrogenic form, represents the most frequent presentation.
• The underlying pathology involves aberrant musculotendinous forces resulting from soft tissue or bony imbalances that induce a varus deforming force.

Purpose of the Study:

• To provide a comprehensive literature review on hallux varus.
• To elucidate the anatomy of hallux stabilizers and the pathophysiology of hallux varus.
• To identify potential surgical pitfalls leading to iatrogenic hallux varus.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of published studies on hallux varus.
• Focus on anatomical structures, disease mechanisms, and clinical presentation.
• Analysis of radiological assessment and management strategies.

Main Results:

• Hallux varus can arise from multiple pathologies, with iatrogenic origins being predominant.
• Abnormal forces from soft tissue or bony issues are the primary drivers of the deformity.
• A thorough understanding of anatomy and pathophysiology is essential for successful treatment.

Conclusions:

• Effective management of hallux varus necessitates a deep understanding of its complex anatomy and pathophysiology.
• Awareness of potential surgical complications is vital to prevent iatrogenic hallux varus.
• This review consolidates current knowledge on hallux varus assessment and treatment.