Spatial changes of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in peach and their correlation with soil properties

Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi have beneficial effects on host plants, but their growth is influenced by various factors. This study was carried out to analyze the variation of AM fungi in soils and roots of peach (Prunus persica L. var. Golden Honey 3, a yellow-flesh variety) trees in different soil layers (0-40 cm) and their correlation with soil properties. The peach tree could be colonized by indigenous AM fungi (2.2-8.7 spores/g soil and 1.63-3.57 cm hyphal length/g soil), achieving 79.50-93.55% of root AM fungal colonization degree. The mycorrhizal growth, root sugars, soil three glomalins, NH₄ ⁺-N, NO₃ ^--N, available P and K, and soil organic matter (SOM) had spatial heterogeneity. Soil spores, but not soil hyphae contributed to soil glomalin, and soil glomalin also contributed to SOM. There was a significant correlation of soil hyphae with spore density, soil NO₃ ^--N, and SOM. Root mycorrhiza was positively correlated with spore density, NH₄ ⁺-N, NO₃ ^--N, and easily extractable glomalin-related soil protein. Notably, spore density positively correlated with NO₃ ^--N, available K, SOM, and root fructose and glucose, while negatively correlated with available P and root sucrose. These findings concluded that mycorrhiza of peach showed spatial distribution, and soil properties mainly affected/altered based on the soil spore density.