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Anesthesia for thoracic surgery in infants and children
Teresa M Murray-Torres1,2, Peter D Winch1,3, Aymen N Naguib1,3
1Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, Missouri, USA.
Saudi Journal of Anaesthesia
|November 12, 2021
Summary
Anesthesiologists face challenges in pediatric thoracic surgery. This review covers preoperative assessment, one-lung ventilation (OLV), and anesthetic management for various noncardiac thoracic procedures in children.
Area of Science:
- Anesthesiology
- Pediatric Surgery
- Cardiopulmonary Physiology
Background:
- Pediatric thoracic surgery presents unique anesthetic challenges due to developmental variations in cardiopulmonary systems.
- Coexisting medical conditions and specific surgical procedures require tailored anesthetic approaches for pediatric patients.
Purpose of the Study:
- To provide a comprehensive overview of the perioperative anesthetic management for pediatric patients undergoing noncardiac thoracic surgery.
- To highlight key considerations for preoperative assessment, one-lung ventilation (OLV), and specific surgical interventions.
Main Methods:
- This narrative review synthesizes current literature on anesthetic management in pediatric noncardiac thoracic surgery.
- Key topics include developmental physiology, preoperative evaluation, OLV techniques, and anesthetic implications of common thoracic procedures.
Main Results:
- Safe and effective anesthetic care necessitates a deep understanding of pediatric cardiopulmonary development and surgical specifics.
- Management strategies for OLV and various procedures like bronchoscopy, mediastinoscopy, thoracotomy, and thoracoscopy are discussed.
Conclusions:
- Optimizing anesthetic management for pediatric thoracic surgery requires careful preoperative assessment and tailored intraoperative strategies.
- Addressing pediatric-specific disease processes is crucial for successful outcomes in neonates, infants, and children undergoing thoracic procedures.
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