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Related Concept Videos

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Smallpox

Smallpox is a severe contagious disease caused by the Variola major virus, a double-stranded DNA member of the Poxviridae family.Variola major transmission occurs primarily via inhalation of virus-laden droplets or direct contact with infectious scabs. The incubation period averages approximately seven days, although it may range from 7 to 17 days depending on the inoculum and host factors.Clinically, the prodromal phase is marked by an abrupt onset of high fever, malaise, headache, and myalgia.
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Human rabies: prospects for elimination.

Joel Changalucha1,2,3, Katie Hampson2, Gurdeep Jaswant2,4,5

  • 1Environmental Health and Ecological Science Department, Ifakara Health Institute, P.O. Box 78373, Dar es salaam, 14112, Tanzania.

CAB Reviews : Perspectives in Agriculture, Veterinary Science, Nutrition and Natural Resources
|November 12, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Rabies deaths in humans from dogs are eliminated in many countries. Continued investment in dog vaccination and surveillance offers optimism for global rabies elimination, despite existing barriers.

Keywords:
One HealthZero by 30dogsglobal healthinterventionvaccination

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Area of Science:

  • Veterinary Public Health
  • Infectious Disease Epidemiology
  • Global Health Security

Background:

  • Dog-mediated rabies remains a significant threat, particularly in low- and middle-income countries, disproportionately affecting rural populations and children.
  • Significant progress has been made in regional rabies elimination, notably in Latin America over the past 35 years.
  • Sustained investment in dog vaccination, post-exposure prophylaxis, and robust surveillance systems are key drivers of successful rabies control.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess progress toward the global elimination of human rabies deaths by 2030, using the 2017 Global Strategic Plan as a framework.
  • To identify characteristics of successful regional rabies control efforts.
  • To examine the barriers hindering rabies elimination in endemic countries.

Main Methods:

  • Review of progress towards the 2030 Global Strategic Plan for rabies elimination.
  • Analysis of successful regional rabies control strategies and their contributing factors.
  • Identification and characterization of barriers to rabies elimination in countries with endemic disease.

Main Results:

  • Nearly half of all countries have eliminated human deaths from dog-mediated rabies.
  • Successful regional elimination is linked to sustained investment in dog vaccination, post-exposure prophylaxis, and surveillance.
  • Significant barriers persist in countries where rabies remains endemic, hindering complete elimination.

Conclusions:

  • Despite existing challenges, advances in knowledge, technology, institutional support, and economic factors provide a foundation for optimism in achieving global rabies elimination.
  • Continued and strategic investment in proven control measures is crucial for overcoming barriers in endemic regions.
  • The goal of ending human rabies deaths by 2030 is achievable with concerted global effort and tailored strategies for diverse country contexts.