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Study of the changes in immune indexes, pathogenic characteristics and related risk factors in children with viral
Di-Ying Wang1, Feng Zhan1, Hui-Ling Liu1
1Department of Clinical Laboratory, Changzhou Tumor Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, Changzhou, China.
Insights
Elevated serum inflammatory markers like IL-2 and TNF-α indicate viral diarrhea in children. Human rotavirus is common, and hygiene practices like hand washing and vaccination are crucial for prevention.
Area of Science:
- Pediatrics
- Infectious Diseases
- Immunology
Background:
- Infectious diarrhea poses a significant threat to children under five.
- Distinguishing viral from bacterial causes is challenging with current diagnostic methods.
- Sensitive indicators for early viral infection detection are needed.
Purpose of the Study:
- To identify early indicators of viral diarrhea in children.
- To compare inflammatory markers in children with viral diarrhea versus healthy controls.
- To determine risk and protective factors for viral diarrhea.
Main Methods:
- Blood and fecal samples collected from 100 children with viral diarrhea and healthy controls.
- Measured serum levels of IL-2, IL-6, TNF-α, CRP, and ESR.
- Assessed enterovirus presence and collected demographic/risk factor data.
Main Results:
- Children with viral diarrhea showed higher mean levels of IL-2, IL-6, TNF-α, ESR, and CRP compared to controls (P<0.05 for most).
- Human rotavirus (HRV) was the most frequent pathogen.
- Good hand hygiene, toy disinfection, and vaccination were protective; indoor flies were a risk factor.
Conclusions:
- Increased serum inflammatory markers are associated with viral diarrhea in children.
- HRV is a primary cause, with potential for mixed infections.
- Prevention strategies include hand washing, toy disinfection, vaccination, and fly control.
Background:
Infectious diarrhea is a serious hazard to children under 5 years old. The causative microorganisms are mostly viruses and bacteria, with different treatment required for each. Currently, early clinical differential diagnosis is difficult with the available testing methods. Therefore, new and more sensitive indicators of viral infection reflect the early stage of infection are needed.
Methods:
We collected blood samples and fresh fecal samples from 100 children diagnosed with viral diarrhea who were treated in the outpatient clinic at Changzhou Tumor Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University from January 2018 to December 2020. The levels of interleukin-2 (IL-2), IL-6, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and C-reactive protein (CRP) in serum, the erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and enterovirus were measured and compared with those in a matched healthy control group. Patients' demographic and risk factor data were collected by interviewing parents.
Results:
The mean levels of IL-2, IL-6, TNF-α, ESR, and CRP in the viral diarrhea group were higher than those in the healthy control group. Except for IL-6, the differences in inflammatory factors between groups were statistically significant (P<0.05). Human rotavirus (HRV) infection was the highest. Children's hand-washing habits, weekly disinfection of toys, and vaccination were protective factors for viral diarrhea, and indoor flies were an important risk factor (P<0.05).
Conclusions:
The serum levels of markers were significantly increased in the children with viral diarrhea. HRV was the main pathogen, and mixed infections existed. Infection control requires hand washing, regular disinfection of toys, vaccination and preventing indoor flies.
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