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Male circumcision and Sexually transmitted Infections - An update.
Kajal S Mehta1, Yogesh S Marfatia2, Apexa P Jain2
1Consultant Dermatologist, SBKS Medical Institute and Research Centre, Vadodara, Gujarat, India.
Indian Journal of Sexually Transmitted Diseases and AIDS
|November 12, 2021
Summary
Male circumcision (MC) significantly reduces the risk of acquiring HIV by 50-60% and other STIs like HPV and herpes. MC also improves penile health and is recommended by WHO for HIV prevention.
Area of Science:
- Public Health
- Infectious Diseases
- Urology
Background:
- The foreskin's warm, moist environment supports pathogen survival and replication.
- Foreskin thinness increases susceptibility to trauma, facilitating pathogen entry.
- Male circumcision (MC) is evaluated for its role in preventing sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and HIV.
Purpose of the Study:
- To assess the role of male circumcision (MC) in preventing STIs and HIV.
- To review scientific literature on the association between MC and STIs/HIV.
Main Methods:
- Comprehensive literature search of indexed specialty journals.
- Referencing of CDC and WHO websites for guidelines and data.
- Analysis of existing studies on MC and STI/HIV prevention.
Main Results:
- MC reduces HIV risk by 50-60% and HSV-2/HPV risk by 30%.
- No significant reduction in syphilis risk, but reduced *Haemophilus ducreyi* acquisition.
- MC benefits include reduced penile cancer risk, improved hygiene, and decreased inflammatory conditions.
Conclusions:
- MC is an effective adjunct for HIV and STI prevention, recommended by WHO/UNAIDS.
- It complements safe sex education, condom use, and HPV vaccination.
- MC contributes to reducing the global burden of HIV/STI-related morbidity and mortality.
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