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The skin and mucous membranes serve as the primary line of defense against pathogens by providing both physical and chemical protection. These barriers are essential in preventing the entry and establishment of microbes, thereby maintaining the integrity of the host.
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Vaginal discharge: The diagnostic enigma.

Shaheen Siddiqua Amrin1, G Jyothi Lakshmi2

  • 1Junior Resident, Osmania Medical College, Hyderabad, Telangana, India.

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Summary

This study identified the causes of pathological vaginal discharge in women. Microscopy and culture are effective diagnostic tools for conditions like vulvovaginal candidiasis and bacterial vaginosis.

Keywords:
Bacterial vaginosisnon-albicans Candida speciespathological vaginal dischargetrichomoniasisvulvovaginal candidiasis

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Area of Science:

  • Gynecology
  • Dermatology
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • Vaginal discharge is a common issue with diverse causes, including bacterial vaginosis, vulvovaginal candidiasis, and trichomoniasis.
  • Accurate diagnosis is crucial for effective treatment of pathological vaginal discharge.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the specific etiologies of pathological vaginal discharges in women attending a tertiary care hospital.

Main Methods:

  • A study involving 698 sexually active females (age 15-65) with vaginal discharge complaints.
  • Vaginal discharge samples were analyzed using wet mounts, 10% KOH preparations, Gram stain, and culture.
  • Diagnosis was confirmed by Nugent's score for bacterial vaginosis and culture for candidiasis and trichomoniasis.

Main Results:

  • Vulvovaginal candidiasis was diagnosed in 18.33% of patients.
  • Bacterial vaginosis was identified in 13.75% of patients.
  • Trichomoniasis was found in 1.86% of patients.

Conclusions:

  • Vaginal discharge has multiple specific etiologies requiring accurate diagnosis.
  • Simple tests like microscopy, supported by culture, aid in precise diagnosis, preventing empirical therapy errors.
  • Syndromic management for STIs should be reserved for non-specific cases.