Does Japanese Identity Buffer Stress or Intensify Symptoms of Depression Associated with Discrimination in Hawai'i?

Racism is a public health crisis-yet our knowledge remains limited about how different racial and ethnic groups cope with the stress of discrimination across the United States. Research suggests that ethnic identity plays a role in the relationship between perceived discrimination and mental health problems. The purpose of this study is to focus on whether a strong Japanese identity in Hawai'i can buffer the stress of discrimination to protect mental health. Data were from an anonymous survey of 222 students who self-identified as Japanese at a university in Hawai'i. The average age was 21 years, about half (53%) were women, and 10% were foreign-born. Less than half (42%) of the students self-reported ever experiencing discrimination in a lifetime due to race/ethnicity. However, non-specific unfair treatment based on the Everyday Discrimination Scale was self-reported by most students (90%). It primarily included being treated with less respect or courtesy than other people and people acting as if they were better than them. Levels of ethnic identity were assessed with the Multigroup Ethnic Identity Measure (mean, 2.07; range, 0-3). A statistically significant interaction effect was observed (ß = -0.50; P < .01), indicating a stronger ethnic identity counteracted the psychological distress associated with everyday discrimination. This finding suggested that strong Japanese identity, which involves pride and knowledge, participation in cultural practices, and a sense of belonging to one's ethnic group, can buffer the stress of frequent experiences of unfair treatment.