Clinical benefit of neoadjuvant anti-PD-1/PD-L1 utilization among different tumors

Area of Science:

• Oncology
• Immunotherapy
• Clinical Trials

Background:

• Programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) and programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) inhibitors are increasingly used in cancer treatment.
• Neoadjuvant therapy, administered before primary treatment, aims to improve outcomes for various malignancies.

Purpose of the Study:

• To assess the clinical benefits and safety of neoadjuvant anti-PD-1/PD-L1 therapy across different tumor types.
• To evaluate the efficacy using major response rate (MRR) and complete response rate (CRR) and safety via adverse events (AEs).

Main Methods:

• A meta-analysis was conducted, pooling data from twenty eligible studies identified through comprehensive electronic database searches.
• Efficacy outcomes (MRR, CRR) and safety outcomes (all-grade and high-grade AEs) were analyzed.

Main Results:

• The pooled complete response rate (CRR) for triple-negative breast cancer was 0.569.
• The pooled major response rate (MRR) for lung cancer was 0.471.
• Fatigue was the most frequent adverse event (0.272), and febrile neutropenia was the most common high-grade adverse event (0.084).

Conclusions:

• Neoadjuvant anti-PD-1/PD-L1 therapy demonstrates satisfactory clinical efficacy in the studied tumors.
• The safety profile is manageable, with common adverse events including fatigue and febrile neutropenia.