Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Translocation of Proteins into the Mitochondria01:19

Translocation of Proteins into the Mitochondria

7.9K
Mitochondrial precursors are translocated to the internal subcompartments via independent mechanisms involving distinct protein machineries called translocases.
Sorting of outer membrane proteins:
Mitochondrial outer membrane proteins are of two types: the transmembrane, beta-barrel porins, and the membrane-anchored, alpha-helical proteins. Beta-barrel porin precursors are translocated by the TOM complex and inserted into the outer mitochondrial membrane by the SAM complex. In contrast,...
7.9K
Insertion of Single-pass Transmembrane Proteins in the RER01:26

Insertion of Single-pass Transmembrane Proteins in the RER

12.1K
Integral membrane proteins are proteins adhered to the lipid bilayer of a cell organelle or membrane. They can be of two types: transmembrane integral proteins that span the lipid bilayer and monotopic proteins that are attached to either side of the membrane but do not pass through it.
Integral transmembrane proteins possess transmembrane and extra membrane domains. The transmembrane domains are primarily made of 20-25 hydrophobic amino acids arranged in a helical secondary confirmation. These...
12.1K
Cellular Membranes and Drug Transport01:24

Cellular Membranes and Drug Transport

1.1K
Drugs must traverse multiple biological barriers, such as multi-layered skin, single-layered intestinal epithelium, and the plasma membrane, to reach their target sites within the body. The plasma membrane, a highly structured composite of phospholipids, carbohydrates, and proteins, is the cell's protective boundary, facilitating selective substance exchange.
Phospholipids arrange themselves into a bilayer, with hydrophilic heads oriented outward and hydrophobic tails facing inward.
1.1K
Bacterial Translocation and Protein Secretion01:26

Bacterial Translocation and Protein Secretion

148
Bacterial protein secretion involves translocation systems to ensure proteins reach their designated locations, including the plasma membrane, periplasm, outer membrane, or the external environment. These translocation systems are vital for bacterial physiology, supporting processes like membrane assembly, enzymatic activity in the periplasm, and interactions with the external environment. The division of labor between Sec and Tat pathways ensures efficiency in handling proteins with diverse...
148
Insertion of Multi-pass Transmembrane Proteins in the RER01:29

Insertion of Multi-pass Transmembrane Proteins in the RER

13.3K
The rough ER membrane synthesizes, assembles, and embeds transmembrane proteins in diverse topologies. These proteins function as transporters or channels and can remain in the ER membrane or are sent to the Golgi complex, lysosome, and cell membrane.
The multipass transmembrane proteins are the type IV integral membrane proteins with multiple topogenic sequences determining their spatial arrangement in the ER membrane. Nearly all multipass proteins lack a cleavable signal sequence and use...
13.3K
Single-pass Transmembrane Proteins01:25

Single-pass Transmembrane Proteins

5.7K
Integral membrane proteins are tightly associated with the cell membrane and play a crucial role in cell communication, signaling, adhesion, and transport of the molecules. Some integral membrane proteins are present only in the membrane monolayer. For example, the enzyme fatty acid amide hydrolase is present in the cytoplasmic side of the membrane monolayer. In contrast, another type of integral membrane protein, also known as a transmembrane protein, spans across the membrane. Transmembrane...
5.7K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Carbon dot-based polyplexes with cell penetration peptides for gene transfection.

RSC advances·2025
Same author

A Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic (PBPK) Study to Assess the Adjuvanticity of Three Peptides in an Oral Vaccine.

Pharmaceutics·2024
Same author

Cell-Penetrating Peptides: Promising Therapeutics and Drug-Delivery Systems for Neurodegenerative Diseases.

Molecular pharmaceutics·2024
Same author

A Method for Using Cell-Penetrating Peptides for Loading Plasmid DNA into Secreted Extracellular Vesicles.

Biomolecules·2023
Same author

Aggregation Limiting Cell-Penetrating Peptides Derived from Protein Signal Sequences.

International journal of molecular sciences·2023
Same author

In Silico Studies to Support Vaccine Development.

Pharmaceutics·2023
Same journal

Mapping the 3D Chromosome Organization of a Biosynthetic Gene Cluster by Capture Hi-C (CHi-C).

Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.)·2026
Same journal

Mapping the 3D Chromosome Organization of Streptomyces by Hi-C.

Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.)·2026
Same journal

CUT&Tag Epigenomic Profiling of Biosynthetic Gene Clusters in Arabidopsis thaliana.

Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.)·2026
Same journal

Rhizobium rhizogenes-Mediated Hairy Root Transformation Protocol for Lotus japonicus and Other Legumes.

Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.)·2026
Same journal

Characterization of Bioactive Saponins from Sea Cucumbers.

Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.)·2026
Same journal

Methods for Functional Validation of Terpenoid Metabolic Clusters in Nicotiana benthamiana and Aspergillus oryzae.

Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.)·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 13, 2025

Construction of Cyclic Cell-Penetrating Peptides for Enhanced Penetration of Biological Barriers
10:12

Construction of Cyclic Cell-Penetrating Peptides for Enhanced Penetration of Biological Barriers

Published on: September 19, 2022

2.3K

Cell-Penetrating Peptides.

Matjaž Zorko1, Ülo Langel2,3

  • 1Medical Faculty, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia. zorko@mf.uni-lj.si.

Methods in Molecular Biology (Clifton, N.J.)
|November 12, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) facilitate cellular uptake of various molecules. This chapter details CPP mechanisms, classification, and cargo interactions for efficient intracellular delivery.

Keywords:
CPP classesDirect translocationEndocytic uptakeKineticsMechanisms

More Related Videos

Fluorescent Leakage Assay to Investigate Membrane Destabilization by Cell-Penetrating Peptide
07:33

Fluorescent Leakage Assay to Investigate Membrane Destabilization by Cell-Penetrating Peptide

Published on: December 19, 2020

6.7K
Biotinylated Cell-penetrating Peptides to Study Intracellular Protein-protein Interactions
10:26

Biotinylated Cell-penetrating Peptides to Study Intracellular Protein-protein Interactions

Published on: December 20, 2017

9.6K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Oct 13, 2025

Construction of Cyclic Cell-Penetrating Peptides for Enhanced Penetration of Biological Barriers
10:12

Construction of Cyclic Cell-Penetrating Peptides for Enhanced Penetration of Biological Barriers

Published on: September 19, 2022

2.3K
Fluorescent Leakage Assay to Investigate Membrane Destabilization by Cell-Penetrating Peptide
07:33

Fluorescent Leakage Assay to Investigate Membrane Destabilization by Cell-Penetrating Peptide

Published on: December 19, 2020

6.7K
Biotinylated Cell-penetrating Peptides to Study Intracellular Protein-protein Interactions
10:26

Biotinylated Cell-penetrating Peptides to Study Intracellular Protein-protein Interactions

Published on: December 20, 2017

9.6K

Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Molecular Biology
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) are crucial for delivering molecules into cells.
  • Understanding CPPs requires knowledge of their history, classification, and internalization mechanisms.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive introduction to cell-penetrating peptides.
  • To elucidate the mechanisms, kinetics, and thermodynamics of CPP internalization.
  • To explore the influence of cargo on CPP-mediated delivery.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on CPPs.
  • Detailed explanation of direct and endocytic CPP internalization pathways.
  • Analysis of CPP-membrane interaction thermodynamics.
  • Discussion of various CPP cargoes and their impact on delivery efficiency.

Main Results:

  • CPPs utilize direct and endocytic pathways for cellular entry.
  • Internalization kinetics and membrane interaction thermodynamics are key factors.
  • Cargo properties significantly affect CPP penetration rate and efficiency.

Conclusions:

  • CPPs offer a versatile platform for intracellular delivery.
  • Further research into CPP-cargo interactions can optimize therapeutic applications.
  • This chapter serves as a foundational resource for CPP research.