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Embryonic and induced pluripotent stem cells are excellent models for disease research because of their ability to self-renew and differentiate into most cell types. Somatic cells from a patient are isolated and reprogrammed into induced pluripotent stem cells or iPSCs. These iPSCs are later differentiated into the desired cell type, which mirrors the diseased cell of the patient. In this way, disease models have been created for investigating diseases such as Down syndrome, type I diabetes,...
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Immunodeficiency disorders are conditions in which the immune system's ability to fight infectious disease and cancer is compromised or entirely absent. The immune system comprises a complex network of cells, tissues, and organs that work together to protect the body from potentially harmful invaders. When this system is deficient or not functioning properly, it leaves the body susceptible to infections, diseases, or other complications.
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All blood and immune cells are produced from the multipotent hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) by the process of hematopoiesis. However, they all have a limited life span. In addition, many are depleted in immune surveillance or combatting an injury or infection. This makes blood one of the most regenerative tissues. Hematopoiesis helps replenish these blood and immune cells, restoring the body's normal functioning. However, overproduction of blood and immune cells can make them cancerous or...
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CPP Applications in Immune Modulation and Disease Therapy.

Ja-Hyun Koo1,2, Won-Ju Kim1,2, Je-Min Choi3,4,5

  • 1Department of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.

Methods in Molecular Biology (Clifton, N.J.)
|November 12, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) offer new therapeutic strategies for immune modulation and disease treatment. Further research is needed to advance CPP-based drugs for immune-related diseases into clinical trials.

Keywords:
AllergyAutoimmune diseaseCancerClinical trialsDisease therapyImmune cellsImmune modulationNeurological diseaseVaccine

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Area of Science:

  • Biotechnology
  • Immunology
  • Drug Discovery

Background:

  • Cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) have advanced disease treatment by enabling targeting of intracellular molecules.
  • CPP applications show promise in managing allergies, autoimmunity, cancer, and infections, creating new biologic drug pipelines for immune modulation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review CPP-based strategies for modulating immune responses and treating diseases.
  • To discuss future research directions for successful clinical application of CPP technology in immune modulation and therapy.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of CPP applications in basic research, preclinical, and clinical studies.
  • Analysis of challenges and opportunities in developing CPP-based therapeutics for immune-related diseases.

Main Results:

  • CPP discovery has expanded therapeutic targets to intracellular molecules, with several candidates in development.
  • Despite progress, no CPP-based drugs for immune-related diseases have reached the clinical stage.

Conclusions:

  • Successful immune response control requires optimizing CPP delivery, target cell selection, and cargo.
  • Further research into novel intracellular targets and CPP delivery is crucial for clinical translation in immune modulation and disease therapy.