Anterior segment involvement in Epstein-Barr virus: a review

Area of Science:

• Ophthalmology
• Virology
• Immunology

Background:

• Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) is a common human herpesvirus.
• EBV is associated with various lymphoproliferative disorders.
• The virus's role in ocular anterior segment diseases is not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the literature on Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) involvement in ocular anterior segment diseases.
• To describe the clinical manifestations and diagnostic evidence of EBV in the anterior eye segment.

Main Methods:

• A narrative review of studies published between 1990 and 2020.
• Literature search conducted using PubMed, SCOPE, and Web of Science databases.
• Focus on findings related to EBV in the conjunctiva, cornea, and other anterior segment structures.

Main Results:

• EBV is implicated in salmon-coloured conjunctival masses associated with mononucleosis and lymphoproliferative disorders.
• EBV can cause hemorrhagic conjunctivitis and various forms of keratitis.
• Positive viral detection via PCR in eyes with EBV-associated lymphoid tumors supports its role.

Conclusions:

• EBV involvement in anterior segment inflammation pathogenesis is not well-defined.
• Evidence links EBV to specific anterior segment pathologies, particularly in immunocompromised individuals or those with lymphoproliferative disorders.
• The efficacy of antiviral treatments like Aciclovir or Valaciclovir for EBV-related anterior segment diseases remains controversial.