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The skin is divided into epidermis, dermis, and hypodermis, the skin's outermost, middle, and inner layers. The human epidermal layer regularly undergoes renewal, where old, dead cells are replaced by new cells. Epidermal stem cells or EpiSCs divide and differentiate to restore the lost cells. For the renewal process, some EpiSCs continuously self-renew. In contrast, few others differentiate into transit-amplifying cells, which later form prickle or spinous cells, followed by granular...
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Several body functions deteriorate with age. The external signs of aging are easily identifiable. For example, the skin becomes dry, less elastic, and thins out, forming wrinkles. The skin of the face begins to appear looser due to a decrease in the levels of elastic and collagen fibers in the connective tissue. Additionally, melanin production in the hair follicle decreases with age, resulting in gray hair. Moreover, the senses of sight and hearing decline, so glasses and hearing aids may...
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Skin aging: Dermal adipocytes metabolically reprogram dermal fibroblasts.

Ilja L Kruglikov1, Zhuzhen Zhang2, Philipp E Scherer2,3

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Summary

Aging skin involves metabolic changes in fibroblasts, driven by increased fatty acid oxidation and decreased glycolysis. This shift is linked to expanded dermal white adipose tissue (dWAT) and its free fatty acid release, influenced by caveolin-1 and adiponectin.

Keywords:
CD36adiponectinagingcaveolindermal adipose tissueglycolysisoxidative phosphorylation

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Area of Science:

  • Skin biology
  • Cellular metabolism
  • Aging research

Background:

  • Aging is associated with metabolic reprogramming in dermal fibroblasts, characterized by enhanced fatty acid oxidation and reduced glycolysis.
  • An expanded dermal white adipose tissue (dWAT) layer in aged skin may drive this metabolic shift.
  • Dermal adipocyte de-differentiation releases free fatty acids, impacting the skin microenvironment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the connection between aging, dermal white adipose tissue expansion, and fibroblast metabolic reprogramming.
  • To investigate the roles of caveolin-1 and adiponectin in regulating these cellular processes.
  • To understand the basis of metabolic heterogeneity in skin cells.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of emerging data on aging, dermal fibroblasts, and metabolic changes.
  • Focus on the role of dermal white adipose tissue (dWAT) expansion.
  • Examination of the influence of caveolin-1 and adiponectin.

Main Results:

  • Aging fibroblasts exhibit enhanced fatty acid oxidation and reduced glycolysis.
  • dWAT expansion in aged skin correlates with these metabolic alterations.
  • Caveolin-1 and adiponectin are identified as key regulators of cellular metabolism in the skin microenvironment.

Conclusions:

  • Metabolic reprogramming in aging skin is linked to dWAT expansion and adipocyte de-differentiation.
  • Caveolin-1 and adiponectin expression levels can modulate skin cell metabolism.
  • Differential expression of these factors contributes to metabolic heterogeneity in skin cells.