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Zygomycota, previously classified as a distinct fungal group, are primarily terrestrial, saprophytic molds that play a crucial role as decomposers. Recent phylogenetic studies have revealed that these fungi are now divided into two major clades — Mucoromycota, which includes many symbiotic species, and Zoopagomycota, which primarily consists of parasitic and pathogenic fungi. These groups exhibit distinct ecological roles and reproductive strategies while sharing key structural and...
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Rhino-orbito-cerebral Mucormycosis: Pictorial Review.

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  • 1Department of Radiology, SevenHills Hospital, Mumbai, India. vivhekpai@gmail.com.

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Mucormycosis is a severe fungal infection, often seen in diabetic and immunocompromised patients. This review details rhino-orbito-cerebral mucormycosis, particularly its link with COVID-19, and imaging findings.

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Area of Science:

  • Mycology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Radiology

Background:

  • Mucormycosis (MCR) is a life-threatening opportunistic fungal infection.
  • Key risk factors include diabetes, immunosuppression, and high serum iron.
  • Recent MCR co-infections in COVID-19 patients are linked to metabolic factors and corticosteroid use.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the mycology and risk factors of MCR.
  • To describe the cross-sectional imaging of rhino-orbito-cerebral mucormycosis (ROCM) and its complications.
  • To present proven cases of ROCM with COVID-19 co-infection.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of MCR mycology and risk factors.
  • Analysis of cross-sectional imaging in ROCM cases.
  • Presentation of microbiologically/histopathologically confirmed ROCM and COVID-19 co-infections.

Main Results:

  • ROCM, the most common MCR form, involves sinonasal cavities, orbits, and brain.
  • Fungal angioinvasion facilitates spread to adjacent structures.
  • Imaging characteristics of ROCM and its complications are detailed.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding MCR's risk factors and fungal properties is crucial.
  • Cross-sectional imaging is vital for diagnosing ROCM and its complications.
  • The association between MCR and COVID-19 warrants further investigation.