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Detectable Gravitational Wave Signals from Affleck-Dine Baryogenesis
Graham White1, Lauren Pearce2, Daniel Vagie3
1Kavli IPMU (WPI), UTIAS, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8583, Japan.
Physical Review Letters
|November 12, 2021
Summary
Affleck-Dine baryogenesis generates the universe's baryon asymmetry via scalar condensate evolution. This process forms Q balls, potentially creating a detectable gravitational wave signal, offering a test for this baryogenesis model.
Area of Science:
- Cosmology
- Particle Physics
- Gravitational Wave Astronomy
Background:
- The Affleck-Dine mechanism explains the universe's baryon asymmetry through scalar field evolution.
- Scalar condensates in this model fragment into nontopological solitons called Q balls.
- Long-lived Q balls can cause an early matter domination era.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the gravitational wave signals produced by Affleck-Dine baryogenesis.
- To explore how Q ball formation and decay impact the gravitational wave spectrum.
- To identify observable signatures for testing Affleck-Dine baryogenesis.
Main Methods:
- Analysis of scalar condensate fragmentation into Q balls.
- Modeling the early matter domination epoch caused by Q balls.
- Calculating the resulting gravitational wave power spectrum.
- Considering constraints from gravitino over-abundance and detector sensitivities (Einstein Telescope, DECIGO).
Main Results:
- Affleck-Dine baryogenesis can lead to an early matter domination phase.
- The decay of Q balls generates a sharp peak in the gravitational wave power spectrum.
- Peak frequencies within the sensitivity range of future detectors like the Einstein Telescope and DECIGO are favored.
Conclusions:
- The gravitational wave signal from Affleck-Dine baryogenesis provides a potential observable test.
- Detecting this specific gravitational wave signature would support the Affleck-Dine mechanism.
- This research connects particle physics models of baryogenesis with gravitational wave astronomy.
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