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Permeation Instabilities in Active Polar Gels.

Ram M Adar^1,2,3, Jean-François Joanny^1,2,3

¹Collège de France, 11 place Marcelin Berthelot, 75005 Paris, France.

Physical Review Letters

|November 12, 2021

Summary

We developed a theory for active, polar gels using a two-fluid model. This model reveals new instability mechanisms that could explain how cells migrate through tissues.

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Area of Science:

Physics
Biophysics
Materials Science

Background:

Active gels are complex materials with internal stresses.
Understanding their behavior is crucial for biological processes like cell migration.

Purpose of the Study:

To present a theoretical framework for active, permeating, polar gels.
To analyze the stability of these gels and identify novel instability mechanisms.

Main Methods:

Utilizing a two-fluid model to describe the gel.
Analyzing the stability of an active relative force-induced current.
Incorporating permeation-deformation and permeation-alignment coupling terms.

Main Results:

Identified novel instability mechanisms at finite wave vectors.
Predicted the formation of periodic domains and mesophases.
Demonstrated the role of polar coupling terms in gel behavior.

Conclusions:

The theory provides a framework for understanding active, polar gels.
Instabilities can lead to pattern formation in these systems.
Results offer insights into the physical conditions for multicellular migration.