Epitope-preserving magnified analysis of proteome (eMAP)

Synthetic tissue-hydrogel methods have enabled superresolution investigation of biological systems using diffraction-limited microscopy. However, chemical modification by fixatives can cause loss of antigenicity, limiting molecular interrogation of the tissue gel. Here, we present epitope-preserving magnified analysis of proteome (eMAP) that uses purely physical tissue-gel hybridization to minimize the loss of antigenicity while allowing permanent anchoring of biomolecules. We achieved success rates of 96% and 94% with synaptic antibodies for mouse and marmoset brains, respectively. Maximal preservation of antigenicity allows imaging of nanoscopic architectures in 1000-fold expanded tissues without additional signal amplification. eMAP-processed tissue gel can endure repeated staining and destaining without epitope loss or structural damage, enabling highly multiplexed proteomic analysis. We demonstrated the utility of eMAP as a nanoscopic proteomic interrogation tool by investigating molecular heterogeneity in inhibitory synapses in the mouse brain neocortex and characterizing the spatial distributions of synaptic proteins within synapses in mouse and marmoset brains.