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Hybrid De Novo Genome Assembly for the Generation of Complete Genomes of Urinary Bacteria using Short- and Long-read Sequencing Technologies

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Comparing Urine Specimen Collection Methods for Urinalysis and Culture Agreement: A Paired Sample Design.

Alexander J Hubb¹, Michael H Heit

¹From the Division of Female Pelvic Medicine and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Indiana University, Carmel, IN.

Female Pelvic Medicine & Reconstructive Surgery

|November 12, 2021

Summary

In urogynecology, catheterized urine specimens are recommended over clean catch samples for diagnosing urinary tract infections and hematuria, especially in menopausal patients. Agreement between methods was moderate to weak for key indicators.

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Area of Science:

Urology
Gynecology
Infectious Disease

Background:

Accurate urine specimen collection is crucial for diagnosing urinary tract infections (UTIs) and other conditions.
Clean catch and catheterized methods are common, but their agreement in urogynecology patients is not well-established.

Purpose of the Study:

To compare the agreement between clean catch and catheterized urine specimens in urogynecology patients.
To identify specific clinical situations favoring catheterized over clean catch specimens.

Main Methods:

Paired clean catch and catheterized urine specimens were collected from 342 participants.
Dipstick urinalysis and urine cultures were performed on both specimen types.
Kappa statistics were used to quantify agreement between the two collection methods.

Main Results:

Agreement was strong for nitrite (κ=0.884) but only moderate for blood and colony count (κ=0.656).
Agreement was weak for culture species (κ=0.566) and minimal for leukocyte esterase (κ=0.382).
Stratification by menopause, estrogen use, BMI, or prolapse did not reveal scenarios where clean catch was consistently superior.

Conclusions:

Catheterized urine specimens are recommended for evaluating UTIs and microscopic hematuria in urogynecology patients.
This recommendation is particularly relevant for patients who are menopausal, overweight, or have prolapse.
The findings suggest limitations in using clean catch specimens for certain diagnostic evaluations in this population.