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Cellular needs and conditions vary from cell to cell and change within individual cells over time. For example, the required enzymes and energetic demands of stomach cells are different from those of fat storage cells, skin cells, blood cells, and nerve cells. Furthermore, a digestive cell works much harder to process and break down nutrients during the time that closely follows a meal compared with many hours after a meal. As these cellular demands and conditions vary, so do the amounts and...
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Reprogramming alters the gene expression in somatic cells, transforming them into induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells over several generations. Scientists can reprogram cells by introducing genes for four transcription factors—Oct4, Sox2, Klf4, and c-Myc (OSKM) by viral or non-viral methods. These factors are also known as Yamanaka factors after Shinya Yamanaka, who first generated iPS cells using mouse skin cells. Yamanaka was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2012...
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Overview of Metabolism01:40

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Living cells constantly carry out various chemical reactions which are necessary for their proper functioning. These reactions are interlinked to one another via multiple pathways. The collection of these chemical reactions is known as metabolism.
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Metabolic Reprogramming in COVID-19.

Tao Shen1,2, Tingting Wang1,2

  • 1The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Division of Immunology, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China.

International Journal of Molecular Sciences
|November 13, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

COVID-19 infection causes significant metabolic reprogramming, altering amino acid, glucose, cholesterol, and fatty acid pathways. Targeting these metabolic changes offers new therapeutic strategies and biomarkers for COVID-19 treatment.

Keywords:
COVID-19argininecholesterolfatty acidsglucosemetabolic changestryptophan

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Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Metabolic Medicine
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Viral infections induce metabolic reprogramming, altering host cell pathways.
  • COVID-19 (Coronavirus Disease 2019) exhibits distinct metabolic alterations, suggesting it is a metabolic disease.
  • Key metabolic pathways affected include amino acid, glucose, cholesterol, and fatty acid metabolism.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current research on metabolic reprogramming in COVID-19.
  • To explore the role of metabolic changes in viral replication and immune response.
  • To highlight the potential of targeting metabolic pathways for novel COVID-19 therapies and biomarkers.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on COVID-19 and metabolic reprogramming.
  • Analysis of metabolic pathway alterations in infected cells and patients.
  • Integration of findings on the link between metabolism, viral pathogenesis, and immunity.

Main Results:

  • COVID-19 infection is characterized by significant reprogramming of amino acid, glucose, cholesterol, and fatty acid metabolism.
  • These metabolic shifts are crucial for energy production, viral component synthesis, and immune system regulation.
  • Metabolic reprogramming provides insights into COVID-19 pathophysiology.

Conclusions:

  • Metabolic reprogramming is a hallmark of COVID-19.
  • Targeting altered metabolic pathways presents opportunities for developing effective adjuvant therapies and biomarkers.
  • Further research into COVID-19's metabolic landscape can lead to innovative treatment strategies.