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Related Concept Videos

The Extracellular Matrix01:42

The Extracellular Matrix

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Overview
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Extracellular Matrix01:26

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Unlike epithelial tissue, which is composed of cells closely packed with little or no extracellular space in between, connective tissue cells are dispersed in a matrix. This extracellular matrix (ECM) is composed of fibrous proteins like collagen, elastin, and fibronectin in a ground substance consisting of interstitial fluid, cell adhesion proteins, and proteoglycans. The proteoglycans form a gel-like material in the spaces between cells and provide hydration, buffering, binding, and force...
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Proteoglycans are extensively glycosylated proteins, commonly found in the extracellular matrix, interwoven with collagen fibers. Hyaline cartilage, the most common type of cartilage in the body, consists of short and dispersed collagen fibers associated with large amounts of proteoglycans. These proteoglycans have long negative charges that attract cations, which in turn attract water molecules. This influx of ions and water molecules swells up the proteoglycan like a water-soaked gel that can...
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Cell-matrix's Response to Mechanical Forces01:13

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In animal cells, the extracellular matrix allows cells within tissues to withstand external stresses and transmits signals from the outside of the cell to the inside. The extracellular matrix is extensive, and its composition varies between different types of tissues. For example, the reticular fibers and ground substance make up the ECM in loose connective tissue, while collagen and bone minerals make up the ECM of bone tissue. 
Anchoring junctions mechanically attach a cell to the...
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Connective Tissue Fibers and Ground Substance01:17

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One of the significant functions of connective tissue is connecting tissues and organs. Unlike epithelial tissue that is composed of cells closely packed with little or no extracellular space in between, connective tissue cells are dispersed in a matrix. The matrix usually includes a large amount of extracellular material produced by the connective tissue cells that are embedded within it. It plays a significant role in the functioning of this tissue. The major component of the matrix is a...
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Role of Matrix Metalloproteases in Degradation of ECM01:23

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Matrix metalloproteases (MMPs) are enzymes involved in the hydrolysis of proteins and glycoproteins of the extracellular matrix. MMPs are essential for the migration and proliferation of cells through the dense matrix network, throughout embryonic development, and throughout morphogenesis. The first MMP activity discovered was a collagenase in a tadpole's tail undergoing metamorphosis. The active collagen deposition and modifications lead to the morphogenesis of tadpoles into the adult...
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Tunable Hydrogels from Pulmonary Extracellular Matrix for 3D Cell Culture
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Extracellular Matrix Hydrogels Originated from Different Organs Mediate Tissue-Specific Properties and Function.

Tzila Davidov1, Yael Efraim1, Rotem Hayam1

  • 1Faculty of Biotechnology & Food Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel.

International Journal of Molecular Sciences
|November 13, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study compares porcine extracellular matrix (pECM) hydrogels from various tissues. Findings show tissue origin influences stem cell differentiation, highlighting the importance of ECM source selection for biomedical applications.

Keywords:
ECM hydrogelextracellular matrixhiPSCtissue-specific

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Tissue Engineering
  • Stem Cell Biology

Background:

  • Porcine extracellular matrix (pECM)-derived hydrogels leverage native tissue microstructure and bioactivity.
  • Controlling physical and mechanical properties is key for biomaterial development.
  • Utilizing pECM from different tissues offers unique, application-specific features.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare pECM hydrogels from cardiac, artery, pancreas, and adipose tissues.
  • To analyze their composition, structure, and mechanical properties.
  • To investigate the impact of tissue origin on cell-ECM interactions and stem cell differentiation.

Main Methods:

  • Characterization of pECM hydrogels from four distinct porcine tissues.
  • Assessment of biochemical composition, structural integrity, and mechanical performance.
  • Analysis of protein and gene expression in induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) cultured on pECM hydrogels.

Main Results:

  • All pECM hydrogels exhibited similarities but also unique attributes.
  • Distinctive properties of each pECM hydrogel significantly influenced cell-ECM interactions.
  • For the first time, each pECM hydrogel type promoted spontaneous iPSC differentiation towards its tissue of origin.

Conclusions:

  • The origin of the extracellular matrix is a critical factor in designing effective biomedical platforms.
  • Tissue-specific pECM hydrogels can guide stem cell differentiation, enhancing bioactive impact.
  • Careful consideration of ECM source is essential for maximizing therapeutic potential in regenerative medicine.