A Comprehensive Review on Smart Grids: Challenges and Opportunities

Recently, the operation of distribution systems does not depend on the state or utility based on centralized procedures, but rather the decentralization of the decisions of the distribution companies whose objectives are the efficiency of interconnectivity. Therefore, distribution companies are exposed to greater risks, and due to this, the need to make decisions based on increasingly reliable models has grown up considerably. Therefore, we present a survey of key aspects, technologies, protocols, and case studies of the current and future trend of Smart Grids. This work proposes a taxonomy of a large number of technologies in Smart Grids and their applications in scenarios of Smart Networks, Neural Networks, Blockchain, Industrial Internet of Things, or Software-Defined Networks. Therefore, this work summarizes the main features of 94 research articles ranging the last four years. We classify these survey, according Smart Grid Network Topologies, because it can group as the main axis the sensors applied to Smart Grids, as it shows us the interconnection forms generalization of the Smart Networks with respect to the sensors found in a home or industry.