Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Potentiometer

Potentiometer

Voltage and current measurements using a standard voltmeter and ammeter alter the circuit being measured either by drawing or resisting the current flow, which introduces uncertainties in the measurements. Null measurements balance the voltages so that no current flows through the measuring device and, therefore, no alterations occur in the measured circuit.
Suppose the emf of a battery needs to be measured. If the battery is directly connected to a standard voltmeter, the measured quantity is...

Galvanometer

Galvanometer

Common devices, including car instrument panels, battery chargers, and inexpensive electrical instruments, measure potential difference (voltage), current, or resistance using a d'Arsonval galvanometer. This electromechanical instrument is also known as a moving coil galvanometer.
The galvanometer consists of two concave-shaped permanent magnets, providing a uniform radial magnetic field in the annular region. In the center, a pivoted coil of fine copper wire is placed in the uniform...

Ammeter

Ammeter

An ammeter is a current measuring instrument. In the circuit, it is represented by the symbol A. The ammeter is placed in series with the device or component to measure the current. A series connection is used because objects in series have the same current passing through them. If a circuit has multiple resistors and the current needs to be measured in each resistor, the number of ammeters required depends on whether the circuit is in series or parallel.
When an ammeter is used to measure the...

Voltmeter

Voltmeter

A voltmeter is an electrical device that measures the potential difference or voltage between two points. It is connected in parallel with the circuit element it is measuring. A parallel connection is used because elements in parallel experience the same potential difference. The voltmeter is represented by the symbol "V ".
An ideal voltmeter would have infinite resistance, so connecting it between two points in a circuit would not alter any of the currents. Real voltmeters always have...

Wheatstone Bridge

Wheatstone Bridge

An ohmmeter is a resistance-measuring device. It works by applying a voltage to a resistor of unknown resistance and measuring the current across the resistor. The resistance value is deduced using Ohm's law. Usually, the standard configuration of an ohmmeter comprises a voltmeter or an ammeter. However, such configurations are limited in accuracy because the meters alter the voltage applied to the resistor and the current that flows through it.
Thus, for accurate resistance measurements, a...

Instrumentation Amplifier

Instrumentation Amplifier

An electrocardiography (ECG) machine is an essential piece of medical equipment used to monitor the electrical activity of the heart. It operates by detecting small electrical changes on the skin that result from the depolarization of the heart muscle during each heartbeat. However, these signals are in the microvolt range and can be easily overwhelmed by noise or interference.
To overcome this challenge, an ECG machine utilizes an instrumentation amplifier. This specialized amplifier is...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Parkinson's Disease Patient Monitoring: A Real-Time Tracking and Tremor Detection System Based on Magnetic Measurements.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)·2021

Same author

Development of an IoT Structural Monitoring System Applied to a Hypogeal Site.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)·2020

See all related articles

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 13, 2025

Measurement of Bioelectric Current with a Vibrating Probe

Measurement of Bioelectric Current with a Vibrating Probe

Published on: January 4, 2011

Digital Impedance Emulator for Battery Measurement System Calibration.

Francesco Santoni¹, Alessio De Angelis¹, Antonio Moschitta¹

¹Engineering Department, University of Perugia, 06125 Perugia, Italy.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)

|November 13, 2021

Summary

A new programmable impedance emulator uses a digital filter to precisely mimic real battery impedance. This low-cost device offers a stable reference for calibrating battery management systems and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy diagnostics.

Keywords:

battery management digital filter fir filter impedance emulator impedance spectroscopy instrument calibration

More Related Videos

A Simple Approach to Perform TEER Measurements Using a Self-Made Volt-Amperemeter with Programmable Output Frequency

A Simple Approach to Perform TEER Measurements Using a Self-Made Volt-Amperemeter with Programmable Output Frequency

Published on: October 5, 2019

Impedance Pneumography for Minimally Invasive Measurement of Heart Rate in Late Stage Invertebrates

Impedance Pneumography for Minimally Invasive Measurement of Heart Rate in Late Stage Invertebrates

Published on: April 4, 2020

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Oct 13, 2025

Measurement of Bioelectric Current with a Vibrating Probe

Measurement of Bioelectric Current with a Vibrating Probe

Published on: January 4, 2011

A Simple Approach to Perform TEER Measurements Using a Self-Made Volt-Amperemeter with Programmable Output Frequency

A Simple Approach to Perform TEER Measurements Using a Self-Made Volt-Amperemeter with Programmable Output Frequency

Published on: October 5, 2019

Impedance Pneumography for Minimally Invasive Measurement of Heart Rate in Late Stage Invertebrates

Impedance Pneumography for Minimally Invasive Measurement of Heart Rate in Late Stage Invertebrates

Published on: April 4, 2020

Area of Science:

Electrical Engineering
Materials Science
Electrochemistry

Background:

Battery internal state information is crucial for effective battery management systems (BMS).
Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) is a key technique for online battery control and diagnostics.
A stable impedance reference is essential for calibrating and testing BMS due to battery impedance variability with state of charge and aging.

Purpose of the Study:

To propose a programmable impedance emulator for calibrating BMS based on EIS.
To develop a controllable and low-cost reference for battery impedance measurement systems.

Main Methods:

Implementation of a digital finite-impulse-response (FIR) filter programmed to replicate real battery impedance.
Derivation of an analytical expression for battery impedance from an equivalent circuit model.
Validation of the model via numerical simulations and experimental tests.
Implementation of the FIR filter on a low-cost microcontroller unit (MCU).

Main Results:

The FIR filter successfully reproduced the target battery impedance in the frequency domain.
The emulator was implemented on an MCU and validated using custom EIS and commercial instruments.
Experimental results demonstrated the feasibility of the proposed emulator.

Conclusions:

The developed programmable impedance emulator provides a feasible, controllable, and low-cost solution for calibrating EIS-based BMS.
This approach enhances the accuracy and reliability of battery diagnostics and management.