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Related Concept Videos

Cascaded Op Amps01:16

Cascaded Op Amps

Operational amplifiers (op-amps) are versatile electronic components that can be interconnected in a cascade - one after another in a linear sequence. This cascading is possible due to their infinite input resistance and zero output resistance, allowing them to maintain their input-output relationships even when connected in series.
In a cascaded system, each op-amp is referred to as a stage. The output of one stage drives the input of the subsequent stage. As the input signal passes through...

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An X-Band CMOS Digital Phased Array Radar from Hardware to Software.

Yue-Ming Wu1, Hao-Chung Chou1, Cheng-Yung Ke2

  • 1Department of Electrical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)
|November 13, 2021
PubMed
Summary

This study introduces a low-cost, compact X-band phased array radar using integrated CMOS transceivers. The developed digital beamforming system enables efficient remote sensing and wireless communication applications.

Keywords:
X-bandantenna-in-package (AiP)complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS)digital array radardigital beamforming (DBF)phased arraypulsed radarradar signal detectionsystem-on-chip (SoC)transceiver

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Area of Science:

  • Electrical Engineering
  • Radar Systems
  • Signal Processing

Background:

  • Phased array technology offers rapid, directional scanning for remote sensing and wireless communication.
  • Element-level digitization enables complex signal processing and multi-beamforming.
  • High cost and bulkiness of traditional beam-steering systems limit widespread adoption.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose a low-cost, compact digital beamforming system for phased array radar.
  • To utilize fully integrated complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) transceivers for an X-band radar.
  • To demonstrate a scalable digital phased array radar for range sensing and azimuth recognition.

Main Methods:

  • Developed an 8-10 GHz transceiver system-on-chip (SoC) using 65 nm CMOS technology.
  • Implemented a periodic pulse injection technique for clock synchronization.
  • Designed a 16-element subarray module with integrated SoC, antenna-in-package, and tile array configuration.

Main Results:

  • Achieved a compact subarray module (317 × 149 × 74.6 mm³) with digital beamforming, back-end computing, and DC-DC conversion.
  • Demonstrated a radar system capable of simultaneous range sensing and azimuth recognition.
  • Displayed a complete range-azimuth figure within 150 ms with a 1 km observation range.

Conclusions:

  • The proposed CMOS-based digital phased array radar offers a cost-effective and compact solution.
  • The system enables efficient simultaneous range and azimuth sensing for pulsed radar applications.
  • Scalable subarray modules facilitate versatile and advanced radar system development.