Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Circadian Rhythms and Gene Regulation02:19

Circadian Rhythms and Gene Regulation

4.2K
The biological clock is involved in many aspects of regulating complex physiology in all animals. It was in 1935 when German zoologists, Hans Kalmus and Erwin Bünning, discovered the existence of circadian rhythm in Drosophila melanogaster. However, the internal molecular mechanisms behind the circadian clock remained a mystery until 1984, when Jeffrey C. Hall, Michael Rosbash, and Michael W. Young discovered the expression of the Per gene oscillating over a 24-hour cycle. In subsequent...
4.2K
Chronopharmacokinetics: Circadian Rhythms and Influence on Drug Response01:15

Chronopharmacokinetics: Circadian Rhythms and Influence on Drug Response

157
Circadian rhythms are cyclic changes that are crucial in plasma drug concentrations. Various standard circadian parameters, including core body temperature, heart rate, and other cardiovascular factors, directly impact disease states and the therapeutic response to drug therapy.
The time of drug administration is an important factor to consider, as it can influence the toxic dose of a drug. For example, a study conducted by Prins et al. in 1997 examined the effects of the timing of...
157
Bipolar Disorder01:30

Bipolar Disorder

165
Bipolar disorder is a chronic mental health condition marked by significant mood fluctuations, including episodes of mania and depression. Elevated energy levels, heightened mood or irritability, impulsive behavior, reduced sleep needs, rapid speech, racing thoughts, inflated self-esteem, and distractibility characterize mania. Individuals with bipolar disorder often alternate between depressive and manic states, with periods of emotional stability lasting an average of six months to a year.
165
Management of Insomnia01:19

Management of Insomnia

341
The sleep cycle, an integral part of human health, consists of several stages with distinct characteristics and functions. It begins with a transition from wakefulness to sleep, known as the light sleep phase, followed by the restorative deep sleep phase, essential for physical recovery and growth. The cycle concludes with the Rapid Eye Movement (REM) phase, characterized by high brain activity and vivid dreaming. Insomnia, a prevalent sleep disorder, involves difficulty falling asleep, staying...
341
Depressive Disorders: MDD and Dysthymia01:27

Depressive Disorders: MDD and Dysthymia

238
Depressive disorders are a group of mental health conditions characterized by pervasive feelings of sadness, diminished pleasure in life, and a significant impact on daily functioning. These conditions are most prevalent in individuals during their 30s and affect women at twice the rate of men. Contrary to popular belief, younger individuals are generally more susceptible to these disorders than older adults. Two key types of depressive disorders include Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) and...
238
Mania and Antimanic Drugs: Overview01:24

Mania and Antimanic Drugs: Overview

369
Mania, a psychological condition characterized by elevated mood, increased energy, and reduced sleep need, is part of the bipolar disorder cycle. The exact cause of mania isn't entirely known, but it is thought to be a combination of genetic, environmental, and neurological factors. Bipolar disorder involves alternating manic and depressive episodes. Mood stabilizers like lithium, antipsychotics, and anticonvulsants help manage these episodes. Lithium carbonate is particularly effective as...
369

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Essential Information About Chronobiology and Chronotherapy for the Optimal Care of People With Bipolar Disorders: An Expert Consensus.

Bipolar disorders·2026
Same author

Prenatal circadian rhythm disruption induces sex-specific substance use and mood-related phenotypes in mice.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same author

Acute Sleep Deprivation in Adolescence Produces Transcriptional Changes in the Orexin System and Regulates Motivation for Reward.

Biological psychiatry global open science·2026
Same author

Impact of ClockΔ19 mutation on neural recording performance and neural inflammatory responses.

Biomaterials·2026
Same author

Tonic dopamine sensing reveals a D2 and D3-mediated dopamine response to raclopride in <i>Clock</i>Δ<i>19</i> mice model.

Npj biosensing·2026
Same author

Unraveling Tissue-Specific Molecular Signatures and Convergent Pathway Enrichments in Suicidal Behavior.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 13, 2025

Author Spotlight: Unveiling the Connection Between Sleep Disorders and Cognitive Symptoms in Depression
04:33

Author Spotlight: Unveiling the Connection Between Sleep Disorders and Cognitive Symptoms in Depression

Published on: April 26, 2024

868

Circadian Rhythms in Mood Disorders.

Madeline R Scott1, Colleen A McClung2

  • 1Translational Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA. scottmr4@upmc.edu.

Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology
|November 13, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Altered behavioral rhythms and circadian disruptions are key features of mood disorders. Understanding these links may lead to new chronotherapeutic treatments targeting sleep and light.

Keywords:
Bipolar DisorderChronotherapeuticsCircadian RhythmsMajor DepressionMood Disorders

More Related Videos

Recording and Analysis of Circadian Rhythms in Running-wheel Activity in Rodents
05:46

Recording and Analysis of Circadian Rhythms in Running-wheel Activity in Rodents

Published on: January 24, 2013

21.5K
Through-the-Wall Blood Sampling Method to Minimize Sleep Disruption in Clinical Settings
06:39

Through-the-Wall Blood Sampling Method to Minimize Sleep Disruption in Clinical Settings

Published on: June 13, 2025

166

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Oct 13, 2025

Author Spotlight: Unveiling the Connection Between Sleep Disorders and Cognitive Symptoms in Depression
04:33

Author Spotlight: Unveiling the Connection Between Sleep Disorders and Cognitive Symptoms in Depression

Published on: April 26, 2024

868
Recording and Analysis of Circadian Rhythms in Running-wheel Activity in Rodents
05:46

Recording and Analysis of Circadian Rhythms in Running-wheel Activity in Rodents

Published on: January 24, 2013

21.5K
Through-the-Wall Blood Sampling Method to Minimize Sleep Disruption in Clinical Settings
06:39

Through-the-Wall Blood Sampling Method to Minimize Sleep Disruption in Clinical Settings

Published on: June 13, 2025

166

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Psychiatry
  • Chronobiology

Background:

  • Altered behavioral rhythms are a core diagnostic feature of mood disorders.
  • Circadian rhythm disruptions are implicated in mood disorder pathophysiology, supported by patient reports and objective sleep measures.
  • Mutations in molecular clock genes are linked to increased risk and severity of mood disorders, with mouse models exhibiting abnormal mood-related behaviors.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the unknown mechanisms by which circadian rhythms contribute to mood disorders.
  • To define the interactions between circadian rhythms and other biological systems implicated in mood disorders, such as neurotransmitter and hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis systems.
  • To highlight the development of chronotherapeutics targeting circadian regulators for antidepressant effects.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing evidence on circadian rhythm disruptions in mood disorders.
  • Analysis of the interplay between circadian rhythms, neurotransmitter systems, and the HPA axis.
  • Examination of the role of chronotherapeutics in mood disorder treatment.

Main Results:

  • Circadian rhythm disruptions are fundamental to mood disorders, affecting sleep and behavior.
  • Interactions between circadian, neurotransmitter, and HPA axis systems are theorized to be central to mood disorder pathophysiology.
  • Current antidepressants and mood stabilizers may influence these interacting systems.

Conclusions:

  • Circadian rhythm dysregulation is a significant factor in mood disorder development and progression.
  • The interaction between circadian rhythms and other biological systems offers potential therapeutic targets.
  • Chronotherapeutics, targeting sleep, light, and melatonin, represent a promising avenue for mood disorder treatment.