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Quo vadis blood protein adductomics?

Gabriele Sabbioni1,2, Billy W Day3,4

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Biomonitoring using blood protein adducts assesses individual chemical exposure and dose. Newer proteomic methods show promise but require further development for sensitive detection of xenobiotic exposure.

Keywords:
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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Health
  • Toxicology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Chemical exposure is routinely monitored in various environmental and occupational settings.
  • Biomonitoring of chemicals in biological fluids helps determine individual exposure levels.
  • Blood protein adducts serve as crucial biomarkers for both xenobiotic exposure and biologically effective dose.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the utility of blood protein adducts as biomarkers for chemical exposure.
  • To discuss advancements in analytical methods, including proteomic techniques, for adduct detection.
  • To identify current limitations and future directions for improving biomonitoring sensitivity.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of chemical exposure through biomonitoring of biological fluids.
  • Quantification of xenobiotic adducts on blood proteins, including hemoglobin.
  • Application of proteomic techniques for the analysis of larger adducted peptides.

Main Results:

  • Stable hemoglobin adducts provide exposure markers for up to 120 days.
  • Proteomic approaches enable the analysis of larger adducted peptides.
  • Current methods using larger peptides have detection limits inferior to those for single amino acid or cleaved adducts.

Conclusions:

  • Blood protein adducts are valuable markers for assessing chemical exposure and internal dose.
  • Proteomic advancements offer new avenues for adduct analysis, but sensitivity needs improvement.
  • Further development of analytical methodologies is essential for enhanced biomonitoring capabilities.