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Genetic Approaches for Iron and Zinc Biofortification and Arsenic Decrease in Oryza sativa L. Grains.

Vívian Ebeling Viana1, Latóia Eduarda Maltzahn1, Antonio Costa de Oliveira1

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Biological Trace Element Research
|November 13, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Rice biofortification enhances iron (Fe) and zinc (Zn) levels while reducing toxic arsenic (As) accumulation. Genetic strategies offer a cost-effective solution to combat widespread deficiencies and contamination in this staple food.

Keywords:
Biotechnological toolsHidden hungerInorganic arsenicRice

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Area of Science:

  • Agricultural Science
  • Plant Genetics
  • Nutritional Science

Background:

  • Rice is a primary carbohydrate source for over half the global population.
  • Milling significantly reduces essential iron (Fe) and zinc (Zn) content in rice grains.
  • Rice cultivation, especially with flooding, can lead to arsenic (As) accumulation, posing health risks.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review genetic strategies for biofortifying rice with iron (Fe) and zinc (Zn).
  • To summarize efforts in reducing arsenic (As) accumulation in rice grains.
  • To highlight advances and challenges in developing improved rice varieties.

Main Methods:

  • Review of traditional and molecular genetic improvement techniques.
  • Analysis of strategies for enhancing Fe and Zn bioavailability.
  • Examination of methods to limit As uptake and translocation in rice plants.

Main Results:

  • Genetic biofortification offers a sustainable approach to increase Fe and Zn in rice.
  • Developing rice with low As accumulation is crucial for food safety.
  • Integrated genetic approaches can address both nutritional deficiencies and toxic element contamination.

Conclusions:

  • Genetic improvement is vital for enhancing rice's nutritional value and safety.
  • Biofortified rice with reduced As content provides dual benefits to consumers and farmers.
  • Further research is needed to overcome challenges in implementing these genetic strategies effectively.