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Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children
Selda Hançerli Törün1, Dilek Yilmaz Çiftdoğan, Ateş Kara
1Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Infectious Disease Unit, İstanbul University Faculty of Medicine, İstanbul, Turkey
Insights
Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) is a severe COVID-19 complication in pediatric patients. Prompt diagnosis and treatment are crucial for managing this critical condition.
Area of Science:
- Pediatric infectious diseases
- Immunology
- Critical care medicine
Background:
- Children can contract COVID-19, with initial reports from China indicating milder symptoms compared to adults.
- A severe inflammatory condition, multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C), emerged in Europe in 2020, affecting children with SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the pathophysiology, clinical presentation, laboratory findings, diagnostic approaches, and treatment strategies for MIS-C.
- To highlight the critical need for rapid diagnosis and management of MIS-C.
Main Methods:
- Literature review focusing on MIS-C.
- Synthesis of information on pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, diagnostics, and therapeutics.
Main Results:
- MIS-C presents with multi-organ involvement due to uncontrolled immune system inflammation.
- Symptoms include fever, abdominal pain, shock, and myocardial insufficiency, often requiring intensive care.
Conclusions:
- MIS-C is a serious post-COVID-19 complication in children with potentially fatal outcomes.
- Timely diagnosis and management are essential for improving patient outcomes in MIS-C.
Abstract:
As the COVID-19 pandemic continues, children can be infected with the virus that causes COVID-19. Clinical symptoms of children with COVID from China, where the disease was first reported, generally were less severe than adults. However, at the end of April 2020 in Europe, it was observed that some children with SARS-CoV-2 infection developed fever, abdominal pain, shock, myocardial insufficiency and they needed to be taken care of in intensive care unit. This new disease has been called multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C). Although the pathogenesis of MIS-C is unclear, it progresses with signs of multiorgan involvement as a result of uncontrolled inflammation of the immune system and even causes death. Therefore, the diagnosis and treatment of patients with MIS-C should be managed quickly. In this review, the pathophysiology, clinical and laboratory findings, diagnostic methods, and treatment regimens of MIS-C were discussed.
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