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Trans-Tympanic Drug Delivery for the Treatment of Ototoxicity
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Trans-Tympanic Drug Delivery for the Treatment of Ototoxicity

Published on: March 16, 2018

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Mechanisms of Ototoxicity and Otoprotection

Peter S Steyger1

  • 1Translational Hearing Center, Biomedical Sciences, Creighton University, 2500 California Plaza, Omaha, NE 68178, USA.

Otolaryngologic Clinics of North America
|November 14, 2021
PubMed

Insights

Ototoxicity, or inner ear damage, can cause hearing loss and vestibular issues. This review covers how common medications like aminoglycoside antibiotics and cisplatin induce ototoxicity and strategies to prevent it.

Area of Science:

  • Oto-toxicology
  • Pharmacology
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • Ototoxicity is inner ear damage causing hearing loss and vestibular dysfunction.
  • It results from medications and environmental exposures.
  • Clinically relevant drugs like aminoglycoside antibiotics and cisplatin are key examples.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review mechanisms of drug-induced ototoxicity.
  • To discuss current and emerging prevention strategies.
  • To provide an overview for clinicians and researchers.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of ototoxicity mechanisms.
  • Analysis of clinical and preclinical prevention strategies.
  • Focus on hospital-prescribed ototoxic medications.

Main Results:

  • Aminoglycoside antibiotics and cisplatin induce ototoxicity via specific cellular pathways.
  • Prevention strategies include dose management and protective agents.
  • Emerging interventions show promise in preclinical studies.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding ototoxicity mechanisms is crucial for prevention.
  • Multifaceted strategies are needed to mitigate drug-induced hearing loss.
  • Further research is essential for effective clinical interventions.
Keywords:
AminoglycosidesBlood-labyrinth barrierCochleotoxicityOtotherapeuticsOtotoxicity monitoringPlatinum-based therapeuticsVestibulotoxicity

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