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Physiology of Calcium Homeostasis: An Overview
Niina Matikainen1, Tuula Pekkarinen1, Eeva M Ryhänen1
1Endocrinology, Abdominal Center, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, PB 340, 00029 HUS, Helsinki, Finland.
Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinics of North America
|November 14, 2021
Summary
Dietary calcium is essential for bone health and bodily functions. Its balance (calcium homeostasis) is tightly controlled by hormones regulating bone, gut, and kidney processes.
Area of Science:
- Biochemistry
- Physiology
- Endocrinology
Background:
- Calcium is vital for skeletal mineralization and cellular functions.
- Dietary intake is the sole source of bodily calcium.
- Calcium homeostasis involves complex hormonal regulation.
Purpose of the Study:
- To outline the key mechanisms of calcium homeostasis.
- To identify the hormones and receptors involved in calcium regulation.
Main Methods:
- Review of established physiological and endocrine pathways.
- Analysis of hormonal interactions in calcium balance.
Main Results:
- Calcium homeostasis relies on bone turnover, intestinal absorption, and renal reabsorption.
- Key regulators include parathyroid hormone (PTH), vitamin D, calcitonin, and FGF23.
- The calcium-sensing receptor plays a crucial role.
Conclusions:
- Calcium balance is a dynamic process regulated by multiple interacting systems.
- Understanding these mechanisms is crucial for metabolic and bone health research.
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