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Related Concept Videos

Acute Coronary Syndrome I: Introduction01:30

Acute Coronary Syndrome I: Introduction

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Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS) encompasses a spectrum of heart conditions caused by sudden obstruction of coronary arteries, typically resulting from the rupture of an atherosclerotic plaque and subsequent thrombus (blood clot) formation. This obstruction can lead to partial or complete blockage of blood flow, causing varying degrees of myocardial ischemia or infarction.ACS includes the following clinical entities:Unstable Angina (UA)Non-ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction (NSTEMI)ST-Elevation...
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Acute Coronary Syndrome II: Pathophysiology and Clinical Manifestations01:19

Acute Coronary Syndrome II: Pathophysiology and Clinical Manifestations

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The pathophysiology of Acute Coronary Syndrome [ACD] involves several key processes:The main underlying cause of ACD is atherosclerosis, a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by the buildup of lipid-laden plaques within the coronary arteries.As the atherosclerotic plaque grows in the coronary artery, it may become unstable due to the formation of a lipid-rich core and a thin fibrous cap. Inflammatory cells within the plaque, such as macrophages, secrete enzymes that degrade the...
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Acute Coronary Syndrome III: Diagnostic Studies01:30

Acute Coronary Syndrome III: Diagnostic Studies

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Diagnosing acute coronary syndrome or ACS begins with a thorough patient history. Notable symptoms include central, crushing chest pain radiating to the left arm, neck, jaw, or back, along with shortness of breath, sweating (diaphoresis), nausea, vomiting, dizziness, and palpitations.It is crucial to note any history of cardiac illnesses and assess risk factors, including age, gender, smoking, hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, and a sedentary lifestyle.During physical examination, vital...
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Imbalances in Cardiac Output01:26

Imbalances in Cardiac Output

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The heart's primary function is to pump blood throughout the body, maintaining a balance between blood sent out (cardiac output) and blood returning (venous return). If this balance is disrupted, it can result in congestive heart failure (CHF), a severe condition where the heart becomes an inefficient pump, leading to inadequate blood circulation.
CHF can occur due to the failure of either side of the heart. Left-side failure leads to pulmonary congestion—the right side continues to send...
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Cardiomyopathy III: Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy01:29

Cardiomyopathy III: Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy

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Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, or HCM, is an autosomal dominant genetic disorder characterized by asymmetric left ventricular hypertrophy without ventricular dilation. It is more common in men and is typically diagnosed in young, athletic adults.EtiologyHCM is primarily genetic and is caused by mutations in genes encoding sarcomeric proteins. Researchers have identified over 1400 mutations across at least 11 different genes. Among these, the most frequently occurring mutations are found in the...
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Ischemic Heart Disease: Overview01:17

Ischemic Heart Disease: Overview

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Ischemic heart disease occurs when the heart's blood supply dwindles, causing an ominous lack of oxygen and nutrients. This deficiency, stemming from reduced or obstructed blood flow, spells danger, leading to heart muscle damage and dysfunction.
Atherosclerosis, the primary malefactor, orchestrates this dangerous condition. It manifests as the accumulation of fatty deposits, akin to insidious plaques, within arterial walls. As time elapses, these plaques metamorphose, hardening and...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 13, 2025

A Research Method For Detecting Transient Myocardial Ischemia In Patients With Suspected Acute Coronary Syndrome Using Continuous ST-segment Analysis
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Cardiogenic shock complicating non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction: An 18-year study.

Saraschandra Vallabhajosyula1, Huzefa M Bhopalwala2, Pranathi R Sundaragiri3

  • 1Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC.

American Heart Journal
|November 14, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The prevalence of cardiogenic shock (CS) in non-ST-segment-elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) doubled from 2000 to 2017 in the US. Despite increased CS prevalence, in-hospital mortality rates significantly decreased due to improved interventions.

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Utilizing Percutaneous Ventricular Assist Devices in Acute Myocardial Infarction Complicated by Cardiogenic Shock
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Use of a Percutaneous Ventricular Assist Device/Left Atrium to Femoral Artery Bypass System for Cardiogenic Shock
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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Clinical Research
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Cardiogenic shock (CS) complicates non-ST-segment-elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI), leading to high mortality.
  • Understanding the evolving epidemiology and outcomes of NSTEMI-CS is crucial for clinical practice and public health.
  • Temporal trends in NSTEMI-CS management and outcomes in the United States remain incompletely characterized.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the epidemiology and outcomes of non-ST-segment-elevation myocardial infarction-cardiogenic shock (NSTEMI-CS) in the United States.
  • To analyze temporal trends in NSTEMI-CS prevalence, management strategies, and in-hospital mortality.
  • To assess changes in hospitalization costs and length of stay associated with NSTEMI-CS over time.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of adult NSTEMI-CS admissions from the National Inpatient Sample (2000-2017).
  • NSTEMI-CS cases were identified and classified by admission year tertiles.
  • Outcomes assessed included prevalence, in-hospital mortality, cardiac procedure utilization, costs, and length of stay.

Main Results:

  • NSTEMI-CS prevalence increased from 1.5% to 3.6% between 2000 and 2017.
  • In-hospital mortality for NSTEMI-CS decreased significantly from 50.2% to 32.3% during the study period.
  • Utilization of coronary angiography, percutaneous coronary intervention, and mechanical circulatory support devices increased, while intra-aortic balloon pump use remained stable.

Conclusions:

  • The prevalence of cardiogenic shock in NSTEMI patients has doubled in the US from 2000 to 2017.
  • Despite increased prevalence, in-hospital mortality for NSTEMI-CS has significantly decreased, reflecting advancements in treatment.
  • Increased use of coronary angiography and percutaneous coronary intervention correlates with improved survival in NSTEMI-CS.