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Related Concept Videos

Extraction: Advanced Methods00:56

Extraction: Advanced Methods

571
Metal ions can be separated from one another by complexation with organic ligands–the chelating agent– to form uncharged chelates. Here, the chelating agent must contain hydrophobic groups and behave as a weak acid, losing a proton to bind with the metal. Since most organic ligands used in this process are insoluble or undergo oxidation in the aqueous phase, the chelating agent is initially added to the organic phase and extracted into the aqueous phase. The metal-ligand complex is...
571
Precipitation and Co-precipitation01:17

Precipitation and Co-precipitation

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Precipitation and coprecipitation methods can be used to separate a mixture of ions in a solution. In qualitative inorganic analysis, ions that form sparingly soluble precipitates with the same reagent are separated based on the differences in solubility products. For example, consider the separation of Cu(II) and Fe(II) ions by precipitation as insoluble sulfides. First, copper(II) sulfide is precipitated by the addition of acidic H2S, where the dissociation of H2S is suppressed. Adding H2S...
2.7K
Electrodeposition01:08

Electrodeposition

776
Electrodeposition is a technique used to separate an analyte from interferents by electrochemical processes. Here, the analyte is a metal ion that can be deposited on an electrode immersed in the sample solution. The electrochemical setup consists of an anode and a cathode. When an electric current is applied to the setup, oxidation occurs at the anode. At the cathode, which consists of a large metal surface, metal ions undergo reduction and deposit onto the surface.
Electrodeposition can...
776
Qualitative Analysis03:46

Qualitative Analysis

22.8K
For solutions containing mixtures of different cations, the identity of each cation can be determined by qualitative analysis. This technique involves a series of selective precipitations with different chemical reagents, each reaction producing a characteristic precipitate for a specific group of cations. Metal ions within a group are further separated by varying the pH, heating the mixture to redissolve a precipitate, or adding other reagents to form complex ions.
For instance, group IV...
22.8K
Coagulation01:06

Coagulation

444
Colloidal solids are solid particles suspended in solution. They are usually negatively charged, attracting a compact primary layer of positively charged ions, which attract more counterions to form an electrical double layer. Electrostatic repulsion between the charged double layers prevents the particles from colliding, stabilizing the colloids. These solids are often undesirable because they can contain toxins that are difficult to remove. Coagulation is a technique that helps aggregate and...
444
Washing, Drying, and Ignition of Precipitates00:52

Washing, Drying, and Ignition of Precipitates

1.3K
After filtration, the precipitate is washed to remove coprecipitated impurities and any remaining mother liquor. Colloidal precipitates, such as silver chloride, are washed with an electrolyte (such as dilute nitric acid) to prevent the peptization of the precipitate. In the case of slightly soluble precipitates, the wash solution contains a common ion to reduce solubility. Lead sulfate, which is slightly soluble in water, is washed with dilute sulfuric acid. Similarly, wash solutions may be...
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Detection and Recovery of Palladium, Gold and Cobalt Metals from the Urban Mine Using Novel Sensors/Adsorbents Designated with Nanoscale Wagon-wheel-shaped Pores
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Recovery of Critical Metals from Aqueous Sources.

Serife E Can Sener1, Valerie M Thomas2, David E Hogan3

  • 1Department of Environmental Engineering and Earth Sciences, Clemson University, 342 Computer Court, Anderson, SC, 29625, USA.

ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering
|November 15, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Extracting critical metals like lithium and rare earth elements (REE) from U.S. saline water sources offers a sustainable alternative to traditional mining. This aqueous mining approach shows potential for domestic manufacturing and reduced reliance on foreign supply chains.

Keywords:
Critical MetalsExtraction TechnologiesMining ImpactsSaline Water Sources

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Area of Science:

  • Geochemistry
  • Materials Science
  • Environmental Science

Background:

  • Critical metals are vital for manufacturing and national security.
  • Current supply chains for critical metals are vulnerable to geopolitical factors.
  • Hardrock ore mining has significant environmental impacts.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the feasibility of extracting critical metals from U.S. saline aqueous sources.
  • To explore aqueous mining as an alternative to hardrock mining.
  • To identify technologies and knowledge gaps for critical metal recovery from water.

Main Methods:

  • Feasibility assessment of U.S. saline aqueous sources (seawater, brines, produced waters, geothermal aquifers, acid mine drainage).
  • Analysis of critical metal recovery technologies and processes.
  • Evaluation of environmental impacts, economics, and energy consumption.

Main Results:

  • Significant recovery potential for lithium, strontium, magnesium, and rare earth elements (REE) from select saline sources.
  • Aqueous mining offers substantially lower environmental impacts on water, air, and land compared to ore mining.
  • Preliminary economic and energy assessments indicate viability for critical metal recovery.

Conclusions:

  • Aqueous mining presents a promising domestic source for critical metals, bolstering U.S. manufacturing.
  • Further research is needed to address data gaps in water quality for various critical metals.
  • Developing extraction technologies for aqueous sources is crucial for reducing U.S. reliance on international supply chains.