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The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
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Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
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Recent Progress in Interferon Therapy for Myeloid Malignancies.

Fiona M Healy1, Lekh N Dahal1, Jack R E Jones1

  • 1Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom.

Frontiers in Oncology
|November 15, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Interferons (IFNs) show promise in treating myeloid malignancies like AML and CML, especially for drug-resistant cases. Novel IFN formulations improve effectiveness and tolerance, offering new therapeutic avenues.

Keywords:
interferoninterferon alfainterferon betamyeloid malignanciesmyeloid neoplasiatype I interferon (IFN) signaling

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Area of Science:

  • Hematology
  • Immunology
  • Oncology

Background:

  • Myeloid malignancies, including acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), are challenging hematologic disorders.
  • Current treatments like chemotherapy and tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) face issues of drug resistance and relapse.
  • Interferons (IFNs), crucial cytokines in immune response, are emerging as potential therapies for these conditions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the therapeutic potential of Interferons (IFNs) in treating various myeloid malignancies.
  • To discuss the role of IFNs in overcoming drug resistance and preventing relapse in AML and CML.
  • To review the clinical and molecular implications of Type I IFNs in managing myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs).

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on Interferon (IFN) therapy in myeloid malignancies.
  • Analysis of molecular mechanisms underlying IFN action in leukemia and MPNs.
  • Evaluation of novel IFN formulations, including pegylated IFNs, for improved efficacy and tolerability.

Main Results:

  • IFNs demonstrate potential as combination therapy in AML to reduce minimal residual disease.
  • IFNs may sensitize TKI-resistant CML cells, improving treatment outcomes.
  • IFNs show therapeutic benefits in MPNs like polycythemia vera and primary myelofibrosis, potentially restoring polyclonality.

Conclusions:

  • Interferons (IFNs) represent a promising therapeutic strategy for myeloid malignancies, particularly in refractory or relapsed cases.
  • Advancements in IFN formulations, such as pegylated IFNs, enhance clinical effectiveness and patient tolerance.
  • Further research into the molecular and clinical applications of Type I IFNs is warranted for optimizing myeloid malignancy treatment.